* infinite {@code double} values are considered infinitely far away. For example, 2^2000 is not
   * representable as a double, but {@code roundToDouble(BigDecimal.valueOf(2).pow(2000), HALF_UP)}
   * will return {@code Double.MAX_VALUE}, not {@code Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY}.
   *
   * <p>For the case of {@link RoundingMode#HALF_EVEN}, this implementation uses the IEEE 754

    double expectedReportedFpp = (double) knownNumberOfFalsePositives / numInsertions;
    double actualReportedFpp = bf.expectedFpp();
    assertThat(actualReportedFpp).isWithin(0.00033).of(expectedReportedFpp);
  }

  /** Sanity checking with many combinations of false positive rates and expected insertions */
  public void testBasic() {
    for (double fpr = 0.0000001; fpr < 0.1; fpr *= 10) {

    for (int i = 0; i < reps; i++) {
      String unused = interner.intern(Double.toHexString(Math.random()));
    }
    return reps;
  }

  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  @Benchmark
  int strongInterner(int reps) {
    Interner<String> interner = Interners.newStrongInterner();
    for (int i = 0; i < reps; i++) {
      String unused = interner.intern(Double.toHexString(Math.random()));
    }
    return reps;
  }

  }

  /**
   * Returns the value of this {@code UnsignedLong} as a {@code double}, analogous to a widening
   * primitive conversion from {@code long} to {@code double}, and correctly rounded.
   */
  @Override
  public double doubleValue() {
    if (value >= 0) {
      return (double) value;
    }
    // The top bit is set, which means that the double value is going to come from the top 53 bits.

    for (double positiveValue : POSITIVE_FINITE_DOUBLE_CANDIDATES) {
      assertThat(DoubleUtils.ensureNonNegative(positiveValue)).isEqualTo(positiveValue);
      assertThat(DoubleUtils.ensureNonNegative(-positiveValue)).isEqualTo(0.0);
    }
    assertThat(DoubleUtils.ensureNonNegative(Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY)).isPositiveInfinity();
    assertThat(DoubleUtils.ensureNonNegative(Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY)).isEqualTo(0.0);

              ImmutableSet.of(REFERENCE_ALGORITHM))
          .immutableCopy();

  private double[] dataset;

  @Override
  protected void setUp() {
    dataset = new double[DATASET_SIZE];
    for (int i = 0; i < DATASET_SIZE; i++) {
      dataset[i] = rng.nextDouble();
    }
  }

  public void testSingleQuantile_median() {
    double referenceValue = REFERENCE_ALGORITHM.singleQuantile(1, 2, dataset.clone());

    Random random = new Random();
    int warmupPermits = 10;
    double[] coldFactorsToTest = {2.0, 3.0, 10.0};
    double[] qpsToTest = {4.0, 2.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.1};
    for (int trial = 0; trial < 100; trial++) {
      for (double coldFactor : coldFactorsToTest) {
        for (double qps : qpsToTest) {
          // If warmupPermits = maxPermits - thresholdPermits then

    Random random = new Random();
    int warmupPermits = 10;
    double[] coldFactorsToTest = {2.0, 3.0, 10.0};
    double[] qpsToTest = {4.0, 2.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.1};
    for (int trial = 0; trial < 100; trial++) {
      for (double coldFactor : coldFactorsToTest) {
        for (double qps : qpsToTest) {
          // If warmupPermits = maxPermits - thresholdPermits then

        // Test with special numeric values
        OptionalEntity<Double> nanOpt = OptionalUtil.ofNullable(Double.NaN);
        assertTrue(nanOpt.isPresent());
        assertTrue(Double.isNaN(nanOpt.get()));

        OptionalEntity<Double> infinityOpt = OptionalUtil.ofNullable(Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
        assertTrue(infinityOpt.isPresent());
        assertTrue(Double.isInfinite(infinityOpt.get()));

    return Float.intBitsToFloat(readInt());
  }

  /**
   * Reads a {@code double} as specified by {@link DataInputStream#readDouble()}, except using
   * little-endian byte order.
   *
   * @return the next eight bytes of the input stream, interpreted as a {@code double} in
   *     little-endian byte order
   * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
   */