}
        while (low <= hi) {
            ctype2[low++] |= CT_ALPHA;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Sets a character as a word character.
     *
     * @param ctype2
     *            The array of character types.
     * @param val
     *            The character code.
     */
    protected static void wordChar(final byte[] ctype2, final int val) {
        ctype2[val] |= CT_ALPHA;
    }

import org.dbflute.optional.OptionalEntity;

/**
 * Character mapping file handler for managing character mapping dictionaries.
 * This class provides functionality to load, parse, and manage character mapping
 * rules that define how input characters should be transformed to output characters
 * during text analysis and search processing.
 *
 * Character mapping files contain mapping rules in the format:
 * input1,input2,... => output

  /**
   * Shift Out: A control character indicating that the code combinations which follow shall be
   * interpreted as outside of the character set of the standard code table until a Shift In
   * character is reached.
   *
   * @since 8.0
   */
  public static final byte SO = 14;

  /**
   * Shift In: A control character indicating that the code combinations which follow shall be

  val charset: Charset
    get() {
      val charset = authParams["charset"]
      if (charset != null) {
        try {
          return Charset.forName(charset)
        } catch (ignore: Exception) {
        }
      }
      return ISO_8859_1
    }

  constructor(scheme: String, realm: String) : this(scheme, singletonMap("realm", realm))

  init {
    val newAuthParams = mutableMapOf<String?, String>()

/**
 * Represents a single character mapping rule that defines how input characters are mapped to output characters
 * for text analysis and search processing. This class is used in character mapping dictionaries to transform
 * text during indexing and search operations.
 *
 * <p>Each mapping item consists of one or more input character sequences that are mapped to a single output

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;

   *     {@link Character#MAX_VALUE} if it is too large, or {@link Character#MIN_VALUE} if it is too
   *     small
   */
  public static char saturatedCast(long value) {
    if (value > Character.MAX_VALUE) {
      return Character.MAX_VALUE;
    }
    if (value < Character.MIN_VALUE) {
      return Character.MIN_VALUE;
    }
    return (char) value;
  }

  /**

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // C can only be @Nullable Character or Character
  protected @NonNull C cellValue(Character character) {
    return (C) character;
  }

  // Only safe wrt. ClassCastException. Not null-safe (can be used to test expected Table NPEs)
  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  protected C nullableCellValue(@Nullable Character character) {
    return (C) character;
  }

import org.dbflute.optional.OptionalEntity;

import jakarta.annotation.Resource;

/**
 * Service class for managing character mapping operations.
 * <p>
 * This service handles character mapping management including CRUD operations
 * and list retrieval. Character mappings are used for text normalization
 * and character substitution during document processing and search operations.
 * </p>
 */
public class CharMappingService {

    /**

    int i = 0;
    for (Object e : elements) {
      array[i++] = (Character) e;
    }
    return create(array);
  }

  /**
   * Creates a new collection containing the given elements; implement this method instead of {@link
   * #create(Object...)}.
   */
  protected abstract List<Character> create(Character[] elements);

  @Override
  public Character[] createArray(int length) {