}

    /**
     * Parameterised test for a selection of edge and typical values.
     */
    @ParameterizedTest(name = "Encode and decode {0}")
    @ValueSource(longs = { 0L, 1L, -1L, Long.MAX_VALUE, Long.MIN_VALUE })
    public void testEncodeWithVariousValues(long val) throws NdrException {
        NdrHyper hyper = new NdrHyper(val);
        // Create buffer with extra space for alignment

   *     <ul>
   *       <li>{@code x} is infinite or NaN
   *       <li>{@code x}, after being rounded to a mathematical integer using the specified rounding
   *           mode, is either less than {@code Integer.MIN_VALUE} or greater than {@code
   *           Integer.MAX_VALUE}
   *       <li>{@code x} is not a mathematical integer and {@code mode} is {@link
   *           RoundingMode#UNNECESSARY}
   *     </ul>
   */

  private static final char[] EMPTY = {};
  private static final char[] ARRAY1 = {(char) 1};
  private static final char[] ARRAY234 = {(char) 2, (char) 3, (char) 4};

  private static final char LEAST = Character.MIN_VALUE;
  private static final char GREATEST = Character.MAX_VALUE;

  private static final char[] VALUES = {LEAST, 'a', '\u00e0', '\udcaa', GREATEST};

  // We need to test that our method behaves like the JDK method.

    assertFalse("Capable of acquiring secondary permit", r.tryAcquire());
  }

  public void testDoubleMinValueCanAcquireExactlyOnce() {
    RateLimiter r = RateLimiter.create(Double.MIN_VALUE, stopwatch);
    assertTrue("Unable to acquire initial permit", r.tryAcquire());
    assertFalse("Capable of acquiring an additional permit", r.tryAcquire());
    stopwatch.sleepMillis(Integer.MAX_VALUE);

    assertFalse("Capable of acquiring secondary permit", r.tryAcquire());
  }

  public void testDoubleMinValueCanAcquireExactlyOnce() {
    RateLimiter r = RateLimiter.create(Double.MIN_VALUE, stopwatch);
    assertTrue("Unable to acquire initial permit", r.tryAcquire());
    assertFalse("Capable of acquiring an additional permit", r.tryAcquire());
    stopwatch.sleepMillis(Integer.MAX_VALUE);

      assertThat(UnsignedBytes.checkedCast(toUnsignedInt(value))).isEqualTo(value);
    }
    assertCastFails(256L);
    assertCastFails(-1L);
    assertCastFails(Long.MAX_VALUE);
    assertCastFails(Long.MIN_VALUE);
  }

  public void testSaturatedCast() {
    for (byte value : VALUES) {
      assertThat(UnsignedBytes.saturatedCast(toUnsignedInt(value))).isEqualTo(value);
    }

     */
    public static void validateIntegerAddition(int a, int b, String operation) {
        long result = (long) a + (long) b;
        if (result > Integer.MAX_VALUE || result < Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
            throw new ArithmeticException(operation + " would cause integer overflow: " + a + " + " + b);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Validates integer multiplication for safe arithmetic
     *

    assertEquals(3327428144502L, BloomFilter.optimalNumOfBits(Integer.MAX_VALUE, Double.MIN_VALUE));
    IllegalArgumentException expected =
        assertThrows(
            IllegalArgumentException.class,
            () -> {
              BloomFilter<String> unused =
                  BloomFilter.create(HashTestUtils.BAD_FUNNEL, Integer.MAX_VALUE, Double.MIN_VALUE);
            });
    assertThat(expected)
        .hasMessageThat()

  private static final BigDecimal MIN_INT_AS_BIG_DECIMAL = BigDecimal.valueOf(Integer.MIN_VALUE);

  private static final BigDecimal MAX_LONG_AS_BIG_DECIMAL = BigDecimal.valueOf(Long.MAX_VALUE);
  private static final BigDecimal MIN_LONG_AS_BIG_DECIMAL = BigDecimal.valueOf(Long.MIN_VALUE);

  public void testConstantsMaxFactorial() {

     */
    public int safeAdd(int a, int b) throws SmbException {
        totalValidations.incrementAndGet();

        long result = (long) a + (long) b;
        if (result > Integer.MAX_VALUE || result < Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
            failedValidations.incrementAndGet();
            integerOverflowsPrevented.incrementAndGet();
            log.warn("Integer overflow in addition: {} + {} = {}", a, b, result);