// You can disable it by setting `SkipDefaultTransaction` to true
	SkipDefaultTransaction    bool
	DefaultTransactionTimeout time.Duration
	DefaultContextTimeout     time.Duration

	// NamingStrategy tables, columns naming strategy
	NamingStrategy schema.Namer
	// FullSaveAssociations full save associations
	FullSaveAssociations bool
	// Logger
	Logger logger.Interface
	// NowFunc the function to be used when creating a new timestamp

				matchedFieldCount := make(map[string]int, len(columns))
				for idx, column := range columns {
					if field := sch.LookUpField(column); field != nil && field.Readable {
						fields[idx] = field
						if count, ok := matchedFieldCount[column]; ok {
							// handle duplicate fields
							for _, selectField := range sch.Fields {
								if selectField.DBName == column && selectField.Readable {
									if count == 0 {

This notification target supports two formats: _namespace_ and _access_.

					clauseSelect.Columns[idx] = clause.Column{Name: name, Raw: true}
				} else if f := db.Statement.Schema.LookUpField(name); f != nil {
					clauseSelect.Columns[idx] = clause.Column{Name: f.DBName}
				} else {
					clauseSelect.Columns[idx] = clause.Column{Name: name, Raw: true}
				}
			}
		} else if db.Statement.Schema != nil && len(db.Statement.Omits) > 0 {

	}

	// UpdateColumns
	sql = DB.ToSQL(func(tx *gorm.DB) *gorm.DB {
		return tx.Raw("SELECT * FROM users ?", clause.OrderBy{
			Columns: []clause.OrderByColumn{{Column: clause.Column{Name: "id", Raw: true}, Desc: true}},
		})
	})
	assertEqualSQL(t, `SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY id DESC`, sql)
}

			"SELECT * FROM `users`", nil,
		},
		{
			[]clause.Interface{clause.Select{
				Columns: []clause.Column{clause.PrimaryColumn},
			}, clause.From{}},
			"SELECT `users`.`id` FROM `users`", nil,
		},
		{
			[]clause.Interface{clause.Select{
				Columns: []clause.Column{clause.PrimaryColumn},
			}, clause.Select{
				Columns: []clause.Column{{Name: "name"}},
			}, clause.From{}},
			"SELECT `name` FROM `users`", nil,
		},
		{

			[]clause.Interface{clause.Select{}, clause.From{}, clause.GroupBy{
				Columns: []clause.Column{{Name: "role"}},
				Having:  []clause.Expression{clause.Eq{"role", "admin"}},
			}},
			"SELECT * FROM `users` GROUP BY `role` HAVING `role` = ?",
			[]interface{}{"admin"},
		},
		{
			[]clause.Interface{clause.Select{}, clause.From{}, clause.GroupBy{
				Columns: []clause.Column{{Name: "role"}},

	if !rows.Next() {
		t.Errorf("Should have returned at least one row")
	} else {
		columns, _ := rows.Columns()
		AssertEqual(t, columns, []string{"fake"})
	}

	rows.Close()
}

func TestSelectWithArrayInput(t *testing.T) {
	DB.Save(&User{Name: "select_with_array", Age: 42})

	var user User

			} else if eq, ok := expr.(clause.Eq); ok {
				switch column := eq.Column.(type) {
				case string:
					assigns[column] = eq.Value
				case clause.Column:
					assigns[column.Name] = eq.Value
				}
			}
		}

		return tx.Model(dest).Updates(assigns)
	}

	return tx
}

	if len(defaultUpdatingColumns) > 0 || stmt.DB.FullSaveAssociations {
		onConflict.Columns = make([]clause.Column, 0, len(s.PrimaryFieldDBNames))
		for _, dbName := range s.PrimaryFieldDBNames {
			onConflict.Columns = append(onConflict.Columns, clause.Column{Name: dbName})
		}

		onConflict.UpdateAll = stmt.DB.FullSaveAssociations
		if !onConflict.UpdateAll {