// Check encoded name (TEST -> encoded as pairs)
        // T = 0x54 -> upper nibble: 0x5 -> 0x46 (F), lower nibble: 0x4 -> 0x45 (E)
        assertEquals('F', dst[1]); // (0x54 >> 4) + 0x41 = 0x46 = 'F'
        assertEquals('E', dst[2]); // (0x54 & 0x0F) + 0x41 = 0x45 = 'E'

        // Check padding (positions 8-30 should be 'CA' pairs for spaces)
        for (int i = 8; i < 31; i += 2) {
            assertEquals('C', dst[i + 1]);

    public void testReadSid() throws IOException, PACDecodingException {
        // A simple SID: S-1-1-0
        byte[] data = new byte[] { 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // sidSize = 1
                0x01, // revision
                0x01, // sub-authority count
                0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, // authority
                0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 // sub-authority 1
        };
        PacDataInputStream pdis = createInputStream(data);

        // Add minimal SID data (S-1-1-0 - Everyone)
        testBuffer[8] = 0x01; // Revision
        testBuffer[9] = 0x01; // Sub-authority count
        testBuffer[10] = 0x00; // Identifier authority
        testBuffer[11] = 0x00;
        testBuffer[12] = 0x00;
        testBuffer[13] = 0x00;
        testBuffer[14] = 0x00;
        testBuffer[15] = 0x01;
        testBuffer[16] = 0x00; // Sub-authority
        testBuffer[17] = 0x00;

        // Test with a basic byte array
        byte[] data = { 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05 };
        ByteEncodable encodable = new ByteEncodable(data, 1, 3);

        // Verify size
        assertEquals(3, encodable.size(), "Size should be equal to the specified length");
    }

    @Test
    void testEncodeBasic() {
        // Test basic encoding
        byte[] data = { 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05 };

        int[] attributeFlags = { 0x01, // FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY
                0x02, // FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN
                0x04, // FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM
                0x10, // FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY
                0x20, // FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE
                0x80, // FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL
                0x100, // FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY
                0x21, // Combination: ARCHIVE | READONLY

        int dstIndex = 0;

        int bytesWritten = notifyChange.writeSetupWireFormat(dst, dstIndex);

        assertEquals(8, bytesWritten);

        // Verify watchTree flag is set to 0x01
        assertEquals(0x01, dst[dstIndex + 6]);
    }

    @ParameterizedTest
    @DisplayName("Test writeSetupWireFormat with various FID values")
    @ValueSource(ints = { 0x0000, 0x0001, 0x7FFF, 0xFFFF, 0x1234, 0xABCD })

        closeHandleCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(MsrpcSamrCloseHandle.class);
    }

    @Test
    void constructor_shouldOpenDomainSuccessfully() throws IOException {
        // Arrange
        int access = 0x01; // Example access value
        // Simulate successful RPC call
        doAnswer(invocation -> {
            MsrpcSamrOpenDomain rpc = invocation.getArgument(0);
            rpc.retval = 0; // Success
            return null;

    class ToStringTests {

        @ParameterizedTest
        @DisplayName("Should format command name correctly")
        @ValueSource(shorts = { 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0A, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x0E, 0x0F, 0x10, 0x11,
                0x12 })
        void testToStringCommandNames(short command) {
            testMessage.setCommand(command);
            String result = testMessage.toString();

        @DisplayName("Should calculate size for multiple hash algorithms with salt")
        void testSizeWithMultipleHashAlgosAndSalt() {
            int[] hashAlgos = { 0x01, 0x02, 0x03 };
            byte[] salt = { 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05 };
            PreauthIntegrityNegotiateContext context = new PreauthIntegrityNegotiateContext(mockConfig, hashAlgos, salt);

            assertEquals(15, context.size());
        }

        @Test

        ASN1EncodableVector elementVector = new ASN1EncodableVector();
        elementVector.add(new DERTaggedObject(0, new ASN1Integer(1))); // authType
        elementVector.add(new DERTaggedObject(1, new DEROctetString(new byte[] { 0x01, 0x02 }))); // authData
        authVector.add(new DERSequence(elementVector));

        byte[] token = new DERSequence(authVector).getEncoded();
        Map<Integer, KerberosKey> keys = new HashMap<>();