assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {"p": None}


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "path",
    ["/optional-str", "/model-optional-str"],
)
def test_optional_str(path: str):
    client = TestClient(app)
    response = client.get(f"{path}?p=hello")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {"p": "hello"}

    response = client.get("/users/")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",
        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
        "paths": {
            "/users/": {
                "get": {

    client = TestClient(app)
    return client


def test_get(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/")
    assert response.json() == {"$ref": "some-ref"}


def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("openapi.json")
    assert response.json() == snapshot(
        {
            "openapi": "3.1.0",
            "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
            "paths": {

				formatMetaV1: formatMetaV1{
					Version: "2",
					Format:  "Erasure",
				},
				Erasure: struct {
					Version          string     `json:"version"`
					This             string     `json:"this"`
					Sets             [][]string `json:"sets"`
					DistributionAlgo string     `json:"distributionAlgo"`
				}{
					Version: "2",
				},
			},
			false,
		},
		// Invalid Erasure format "Unknown".
		{

	return ARN{TargetID: tid, region: region}
}

// MarshalJSON - encodes to JSON data.
func (tid TargetID) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
	return json.Marshal(tid.String())
}

// UnmarshalJSON - decodes JSON data.
func (tid *TargetID) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
	var s string
	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &s); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	targetID, err := parseTargetID(s)

* Автоматическая документация моделей данных с помощью <a href="https://json-schema.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank"><strong>JSON Schema</strong></a> (так как сама спецификация OpenAPI основана на JSON Schema).
* Разработан вокруг этих стандартов, после тщательного их изучения. Это не дополнительная надстройка поверх.

    response = client.post("/items/")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == "Hello World"


@needs_py310
def test_q_fixedquery():
    client = get_client()
    response = client.post("/items/", data={"q": "fixedquery"})
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == "Hello fixedquery"


@needs_py310
def test_query_nonregexquery():
    client = get_client()

    response = client.get("/items/")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]}


def test_query_params_str_validations_q_fixedquery(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/items/", params={"q": "fixedquery"})
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {
        "items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}],
        "q": "fixedquery",

def test_post_user(client: TestClient):
    response = client.post(
        "/user/",
        json={
            "username": "foo",
            "password": "fighter",
            "email": "******@****.***",
            "full_name": "Grave Dohl",
        },
    )
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "username": "foo",
        "email": "******@****.***",

* Automatische Dokumentation der Datenmodelle mit <a href="https://json-schema.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank"><strong>JSON Schema</strong></a> (da OpenAPI selbst auf JSON Schema basiert).
* Um diese Standards herum entworfen, nach sorgfältigem Studium. Statt einer nachträglichen Schicht darüber.