/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *

```Python
from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```

<details markdown="1">

/*
 *  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 *  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 *  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 *  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 *  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 *  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *

  public void testWrap() {
    new EqualsTester()
        .addEqualityGroup(
            LENGTH_EQUIVALENCE.wrap("hello"),
            LENGTH_EQUIVALENCE.wrap("hello"),
            LENGTH_EQUIVALENCE.wrap("world"))
        .addEqualityGroup(LENGTH_EQUIVALENCE.wrap("hi"), LENGTH_EQUIVALENCE.wrap("yo"))
        .addEqualityGroup(
            LENGTH_EQUIVALENCE.<@Nullable String>wrap(null),

  public void testWrap() {
    new EqualsTester()
        .addEqualityGroup(
            LENGTH_EQUIVALENCE.wrap("hello"),
            LENGTH_EQUIVALENCE.wrap("hello"),
            LENGTH_EQUIVALENCE.wrap("world"))
        .addEqualityGroup(LENGTH_EQUIVALENCE.wrap("hi"), LENGTH_EQUIVALENCE.wrap("yo"))
        .addEqualityGroup(
            LENGTH_EQUIVALENCE.<@Nullable String>wrap(null),

import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import junit.framework.AssertionFailedError;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/** Replacements for JUnit's {@code assertThrows} that work under GWT/J2CL. */
@GwtCompatible
@NullMarked
final class ReflectionFreeAssertThrows {
  interface ThrowingRunnable {
    void run() throws Throwable;
  }

  interface ThrowingSupplier {

   * add the suppression to the whole method (which turns off checking for a large section of code),
   * or extract a variable, and put the suppression on that. However, a local variable typically
   * doesn't work: Because nullness analyses typically infer the nullness of local variables,
   * there's no way to assign a {@code @Nullable T} to a field {@code T foo;} and instruct the