cookie_params = _get_flat_fields_from_params(flat_dependant.cookie_params)
    parameter_groups = [
        (ParamTypes.path, path_params),
        (ParamTypes.query, query_params),
        (ParamTypes.header, header_params),
        (ParamTypes.cookie, cookie_params),
    ]
    default_convert_underscores = True
    if len(flat_dependant.header_params) == 1:
        first_field = flat_dependant.header_params[0]

            request.setOffset(1024L);
            request.setRemainingBytes(500);
            request.setWriteFlags(0x01);

            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int headerStart = 64; // Simulated header start

            // Execute
            int bytesWritten = request.writeBytesWireFormat(buffer, headerStart);

            // Verify structure

      "coverage" : {
        "per_commit" : [ "linux" ]
      }
    } ]
  }, {
    "testId" : "org.gradle.performance.regression.nativeplatform.NativeBuildPerformanceTest.assemble with header file change",
    "groups" : [ {
      "testProject" : "bigCppApp",
      "coverage" : {
        "per_day" : [ "linux" ]
      }
    }, {
      "testProject" : "bigCppMulti",
      "coverage" : {

    Optional<String> optionalName = Optional.fromNullable("bob");
    assertEquals("bob", optionalName.get());
  }

  public void testFromNullable_null() {
    // not promised by spec, but easier to test
    assertSame(Optional.absent(), Optional.fromNullable(null));
  }

  public void testIsPresent_no() {
    assertFalse(Optional.absent().isPresent());
  }

こうすることで、**複数の場所**で**そのPydanticモデルを再利用**でき、バリデーションやメタデータを、すべてのクッキーパラメータに対して一度に宣言できます。😎

/// note | 備考

この機能は、FastAPIのバージョン `0.115.0` からサポートされています。🤓

///

/// tip | 豆知識

これと同じテクニックは `Query` 、 `Cookie` 、 `Header` にも適用できます。 😎

///

## クッキーにPydanticモデルを使用する

必要な複数の**クッキー**パラメータを**Pydanticモデル**で宣言し、さらに、それを `Cookie` として宣言しましょう:

{* ../../docs_src/cookie_param_models/tutorial001_an_py310.py hl[9:12,16] *}

You can add code to be run with the `request`,  before any *path operation* receives it.

And also after the `response` is generated, before returning it.

For example, you could add a custom header `X-Process-Time` containing the time in seconds that it took to process the request and generate a response:

{* ../../docs_src/middleware/tutorial001_py39.py hl[10,12:13] *}

/// tip

//
// Apply does not overwrite any existing SSE headers. Further, it will
// set minimal SSE-KMS headers if autoEncrypt is true and the BucketSSEConfig
// is nil.
func (b *BucketSSEConfig) Apply(headers http.Header, opts ApplyOptions) {
	if crypto.Requested(headers) {
		return
	}
	if b == nil {
		if opts.AutoEncrypt {
			headers.Set(xhttp.AmzServerSideEncryption, xhttp.AmzEncryptionKMS)
		}
		return
	}

    responseBodyBytes: Matcher<Long?>?,
  ) {
    if (requestHeaderLength != null) {
      val responseHeadersEnd = listener.removeUpToEvent<RequestHeadersEnd>()
      MatcherAssert.assertThat(
        "request header length",
        responseHeadersEnd.headerLength,
        requestHeaderLength,
      )
    } else {
      assertThat(listener.recordedEventTypes())
        .doesNotContain(RequestHeadersEnd::class)
    }

        Doc(
            """
            Automatically convert underscores to hyphens in the parameter field name.

            Read more about it in the
            [FastAPI docs for Header Parameters](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/header-params/#automatic-conversion)
            """
        ),
    ] = True,
    title: Annotated[
        Optional[str],
        Doc(
            """

So we put them in their own `dependencies` module (`app/dependencies.py`).

We will now use a simple dependency to read a custom `X-Token` header:

{* ../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an_py39/dependencies.py hl[3,6:8] title["app/dependencies.py"] *}

/// tip

We are using an invented header to simplify this example.