# 请求表单与文件

FastAPI 支持同时使用 `File` 和 `Form` 定义文件和表单字段。

/// info | "说明"

接收上传文件或表单数据，要预先安装 <a href="https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart" class="external-link" target="_blank">`python-multipart`</a>。

例如，`pip install python-multipart`。

///

## 导入 `File` 与 `Form`

```Python hl_lines="1"
{!../../docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001.py!}
```

## 定义 `File` 与 `Form` 参数

创建文件和表单参数的方式与 `Body` 和 `Query` 一样：

 * character encoding. UTF-8 is defined in section D92 of <a
 * href="http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode6.2.0/ch03.pdf">The Unicode Standard Core
 * Specification, Chapter 3</a>.
 *
 * <p>The variant of UTF-8 implemented by this class is the restricted definition of UTF-8
 * introduced in Unicode 3.1. One implication of this is that it rejects <a

    /**
     * Determines the address of a host given it's host name. NetBIOS
     * names also have a <code>type</code>. Types(aka Hex Codes)
     * are used to distinguish the various services on a host. <a
     * href="../../../nbtcodes.html">Here</a> is
     * a fairly complete list of NetBIOS hex codes. Scope is not used but is
     * still functional in other NetBIOS products and so for completeness it has been

➡️ 🥇 ⚙️ 📟 & 👀 ❔ ⚫️ 👷, & ⤴️ 👥 🔜 👟 🔙 🤔 ⚫️❔ 😥.

## ✍ `main.py`

📁 🖼 📁 `main.py`:

```Python
{!../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!}
```

## 🏃 ⚫️

/// info

🥇 ❎ <a href="https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart" class="external-link" target="_blank">`python-multipart`</a>.

🤶 Ⓜ. `pip install python-multipart`.

👉 ↩️ **Oauth2️⃣** ⚙️ "📨 📊" 📨 `username` &amp; `password`.

///

Nas versões anteriores do Python, você poderia utilizar threads ou <a href="http://www.gevent.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Gevent</a>. Mas o código é um pouco mais complexo de entender, debugar, e pensar sobre.

Nas versões anteriores do NodeJS / Navegador JavaScript, você poderia utilizar "callbacks". O que leva ao  <a href="http://callbackhell.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">inferno do callback</a>.

import org.apache.maven.wagon.TransferFailedException;
import org.apache.maven.wagon.authentication.AuthenticationInfo;
import org.apache.maven.wagon.proxy.ProxyInfo;

/**
 * Manages <a href="https://maven.apache.org/wagon">Wagon</a> related operations in Maven.
 *
 */
@Deprecated
public interface WagonManager extends org.apache.maven.repository.legacy.WagonManager {
    /**

package gradlebuild.binarycompatibility.rules

import japicmp.model.JApiClass
import japicmp.model.JApiCompatibility
import javassist.CtClass
import me.champeau.gradle.japicmp.report.Violation

/**
 * Workaround for <a href="https://github.com/melix/japicmp-gradle-plugin/issues/56">japicmp issue w.r.t. superclass breakage</a>.
 *
 * <p>

以降のセクションは、すでにチュートリアルを読んで、その主要なアイデアを理解できていることを前提としています。

## テスト駆動開発のコース

このセクションの内容を補完するために脱初心者用コースを受けたい場合は、**TestDriven.io**による、<a href="https://testdriven.io/courses/tdd-fastapi/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Test-Driven Development with FastAPI and Docker</a>を確認するのがよいかもしれません。

# Form Models

You can use **Pydantic models** to declare **form fields** in FastAPI.

/// info

To use forms, first install <a href="https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart" class="external-link" target="_blank">`python-multipart`</a>.

Make sure you create a [virtual environment](../virtual-environments.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, activate it, and then install it, for example:

```console
$ pip install python-multipart
```

///

Hiding the documentation just makes it more difficult to understand how to interact with your API, and could make it more difficult for you to debug it in production. It could be considered simply a form of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_through_obscurity" class="external-link" target="_blank">Security through obscurity</a>.

If you want to secure your API, there are several better things you can do, for example: