Let's say you have a custom exception `UnicornException` that you (or a library you use) might `raise`.

And you want to handle this exception globally with FastAPI.

You could add a custom exception handler with `@app.exception_handler()`:

{* ../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial003.py hl[5:7,13:18,24] *}

## Use a `Response` parameter { #use-a-response-parameter }

You can declare a parameter of type `Response` in your *path operation function*.

And then you can set cookies in that *temporal* response object.

{* ../../docs_src/response_cookies/tutorial002.py hl[1, 8:9] *}

And then you can return any object you need, as you normally would (a `dict`, a database model, etc).

### Using your local FastAPI

If you create a Python file that imports and uses FastAPI, and run it with the Python from your local environment, it will use your cloned local FastAPI source code.

And if you update that local FastAPI source code when you run that Python file again, it will use the fresh version of FastAPI you just edited.

That way, you don't have to "install" your local version to be able to test every change.

* Many PRs don't have tests, you can **remind** them to add tests, or you can even **suggest** some tests yourself. That's one of the things that consume most time and you can help a lot with that.

* Then also comment what you tried, that way I'll know that you checked it. 🤓

## Create a Pull Request { #create-a-pull-request }

By default, **FastAPI** will return the responses using a `JSONResponse`, putting the content you return from your *path operation* inside of that `JSONResponse`.

It will use the default status code or the one you set in your *path operation*.

## Additional status codes { #additional-status-codes_1 }

   * #entrySet}. If you override {@code entrySet}, you may wish to override {@code firstEntry} to
   * forward to this implementation.
   */
  protected @Nullable Entry<K, V> standardFirstEntry() {
    return Iterables.<@Nullable Entry<K, V>>getFirst(entrySet(), null);
  }

  /**
   * A sensible definition of {@link #firstKey} in terms of {@code firstEntry}. If you override

   * #entrySet}. If you override {@code entrySet}, you may wish to override {@code firstEntry} to
   * forward to this implementation.
   */
  protected @Nullable Entry<K, V> standardFirstEntry() {
    return Iterables.<@Nullable Entry<K, V>>getFirst(entrySet(), null);
  }

  /**
   * A sensible definition of {@link #firstKey} in terms of {@code firstEntry}. If you override

for this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get
it if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of
it in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do
these things.

  To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
distributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these
rights.  These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for

## OpenAPI operationId { #openapi-operationid }

/// warning

If you are not an "expert" in OpenAPI, you probably don't need this.

///

You can set the OpenAPI `operationId` to be used in your *path operation* with the parameter `operation_id`.

You would have to make sure that it is unique for each operation.

/*
 * Copyright 2012-2025 CodeLibs Project and the Others.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,