* déclarer le paramètre de chemin `item_id` en utilisant `Path`
* les avoir dans un ordre différent
* ne pas utiliser `Annotated`

...Python a une petite syntaxe spéciale pour cela.

Passez `*`, comme premier paramètre de la fonction.

version: 2
updates:
  # GitHub Actions
  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
    directory: "/"
    schedule:
      interval: "daily"
    commit-message:
      prefix: ⬆
  # Python
  - package-ecosystem: "pip"
    directory: "/"
    schedule:
      interval: "monthly"
    commit-message:

# Packages needed to install Python from source
# See https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/wiki#suggested-build-environment
build-essential
curl
libbz2-dev
libffi-dev
liblzma-dev
libncurses5-dev
libreadline-dev
libsqlite3-dev
libssl-dev
libxml2-dev
libxmlsec1-dev
llvm
make
openssl
tk-dev
wget
xz-utils
zlib1g-dev
git

# Packages needed to build devtoolset
file
flex
g++
make
patch
rpm2cpio

中间件参数接收如下参数:

* `request`.
* 一个函数 `call_next` 它将接收 `request` 作为参数.
    * 这个函数将 `request` 传递给相应的 *路径操作*.
    * 然后它将返回由相应的*路径操作*生成的 `response`.
* 然后你可以在返回 `response` 前进一步修改它.

```Python hl_lines="8-9  11  14"
{!../../docs_src/middleware/tutorial001.py!}
```

/// tip

请记住可以 <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers" class="external-link" target="_blank">用'X-' 前缀</a>添加专有自定义请求头.

In general, ASGI middlewares are classes that expect to receive an ASGI app as the first argument.

So, in the documentation for third-party ASGI middlewares they will probably tell you to do something like:

```Python
from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware

app = SomeASGIApp()

new_app = UnicornMiddleware(app, some_config="rainbow")
```

# Events testen: Hochfahren – Herunterfahren

Wenn Sie in Ihren Tests Ihre Event-Handler (`startup` und `shutdown`) ausführen wollen, können Sie den `TestClient` mit einer `with`-Anweisung verwenden:

```Python hl_lines="9-12  20-24"
{!../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial003.py!}

# functionality instead.
tfrun() { "$@"; }

if [[ `uname -s | grep -P '^MSYS_NT'` ]]; then
  source ./ci/official/utilities/windows.sh
  echo 'Converting MSYS Linux-like paths to Windows paths (for Docker, Python, etc.)'
  source <(python ./ci/official/utilities/convert_msys_paths_to_win_paths.py --whitelist-prefix TFCI_)
fi

# Run all "tfrun" commands under Docker. See setup_docker.sh for details
if [[ "$TFCI_DOCKER_ENABLE" == 1 ]]; then

例如，有一个官方的 <a href="https://hub.docker.com/_/python" class="external-link" target="_blank">Python 镜像</a>。

还有许多其他镜像用于不同的需要（例如数据库），例如：


* <a href="https://hub.docker.com/_/postgres" class="external-link" target="_blank">PostgreSQL</a>
* <a href="https://hub.docker.com/_/mysql" class="external-link" target="_blank">MySQL</a>

Bu hizmetleri denemek ve kılavuzlarını incelemek isteyebilirsiniz:

* <a href="https://docs.platform.sh/languages/python.html?utm_source=fastapi-signup&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=FastAPI-signup-June-2023" class="external-link" target="_blank">Platform.sh</a>

# Testando Eventos: inicialização - encerramento

Quando você precisa que os seus manipuladores de eventos (`startup` e `shutdown`) sejam executados em seus testes, você pode utilizar o `TestClient` usando a instrução `with`:

```Python hl_lines="9-12  20-24"
{!../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial003.py!}