client = TestClient(app)


def test_get_no_item():
    response = client.get("/items/foo")
    assert response.status_code == 404, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Item not found"}


def test_owner_error():
    response = client.get("/items/plumbus")
    assert response.status_code == 400, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Owner error: Rick"}

            "X-Token": "fake-super-secret-token",
            "X-Key": "fake-super-secret-key",
        },
    )
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == [{"item": "Portal Gun"}, {"item": "Plumbus"}]


@needs_py39
def test_get_valid_headers_users(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get(
        "/users/",
        headers={

            } else if ("list".equals(qName)) {
                if (fieldName != null && !dataMap.containsKey(fieldName)) {
                    dataMap.put(fieldName, new ArrayList<>());
                }
            } else if ("item".equals(qName)) {
                buffer.setLength(0);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void characters(final char[] ch, final int offset, final int length) {

    return client


@needs_py39
def test_get_no_item(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/items/foo")
    assert response.status_code == 404, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Item not found, there's only a plumbus here"}


@needs_py39
def test_get(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/items/plumbus")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

        raise InternalError(
            f"The portal gun is too dangerous to be owned by {username}"
        )
    if item_id != "plumbus":
        raise HTTPException(
            status_code=404, detail="Item not found, there's only a plumbus here"
        )

                        "parameters": [
                            {
                                "required": True,
                                "schema": {"title": "Item Id", "type": "string"},
                                "name": "item_id",
                                "in": "path",
                            }
                        ],
                    }
                }

{!> ../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008_py310.py!}
```

////

## 📛 🔢

🌈 👈 👆 💚 🔢 `item-query`.

💖:

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?item-query=foobaritems
```

✋️ `item-query` 🚫 ☑ 🐍 🔢 📛.

🔐 🔜 `item_query`.

✋️ 👆 💪 ⚫️ ⚫️❔ `item-query`...

⤴️ 👆 💪 📣 `alias`, & 👈 📛 ⚫️❔ 🔜 ⚙️ 🔎 🔢 💲:

//// tab | 🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛

                        <ol class="breadcrumb float-sm-right">
                            <li class="breadcrumb-item"><la:link href="/admin/crawlinginfo">
                                <la:message key="labels.joblog_link_list"/>
                            </la:link></li>
                            <li class="breadcrumb-item active"><la:message
                                    key="labels.joblog_link_details"/></li>
                        </ol>

出于方便，**FastAPI** 会提供与 `starlette.responses` 相同的 `fastapi.responses` 给开发者。但是大多数可用的响应都直接来自 Starlette。

///

## 返回自定义 `Response`

上面的例子展示了需要的所有部分，但还不够实用，因为你本可以只是直接返回 `item`，而**FastAPI** 默认帮你把这个 `item` 放到 `JSONResponse` 中，又默认将其转换成了 `dict`等等。

现在，让我们看看你如何才能返回一个自定义的响应。

假设你想要返回一个 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" class="external-link" target="_blank">XML</a> 响应。

                    // Filtering an array is NOT in place
                    result.acceptedApiChanges = result.acceptedApiChanges.filter((item, pos, ary) => (!pos || (JSON.stringify(item) != JSON.stringify(ary[pos - 1]))));
                    return result;
                }

                function acceptAllErrorCorrections() {