/// tip

Pydantic có một hành vi đặc biệt khi bạn sử dụng `Optional` hoặc `Union[Something, None]` mà không có giá trị mặc dịnh, bạn có thể đọc nhiều hơn về nó trong tài liệu của Pydantic về <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/models/#required-optional-fields" class="external-link" target="_blank">Required Optional fields</a>.

///

## Type Hints với Metadata Annotations

⚫️ ⚓️ 🔛 <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">🇸🇲</a>, ❔ 🔄 🏗 ⚓️ 🔛 📨, ⚫️ 📶 😰 &amp; 🏋️.

⏮️ ⚫️, 👆 💪 ⚙️ <a href="https://docs.pytest.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">✳</a> 🔗 ⏮️ **FastAPI**.

## ⚙️ `TestClient`

/// info

⚙️ `TestClient`, 🥇 ❎ <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">`httpx`</a>.

Isso significa que o **FastAPI** foi testado especificamente com os editores usados por 80% dos desenvolvedores Python. Como a maioria dos outros editores tendem a funcionar de forma similar, todos os seus benefícios devem funcionar para virtualmente todos os editores.

   <span style="background-color:#007166"><font color="#D3D7CF"> server </font></span>  Documentation at <font color="#729FCF"><u style="text-decoration-style:solid">http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs</u></font>

      <span style="background-color:#007166"><font color="#D3D7CF"> tip </font></span>  Running in development mode, for production use:
             <b>fastapi run</b>

             Logs:

Todo de una manera que proporcionara la mejor experiencia de desarrollo para todos los desarrolladores.

## Requisitos

Después de probar varias alternativas, decidí que iba a usar <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/" class="external-link" target="_blank">**Pydantic**</a> por sus ventajas.

All in a way that provided the best development experience for all the developers.

## Requirements { #requirements }

After testing several alternatives, I decided that I was going to use <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/" class="external-link" target="_blank">**Pydantic**</a> for its advantages.

또한 이를 예상하고 (현재 또는 미래에) 사용하는 도구가 있을 수 있으며, 현재 또는 미래에 자신 혹은 자신의 유저들에게 유용할 것입니다.

그것이 표준의 이점입니다 ...

///

## 확인하기

대화형 문서 열기: <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs</a>.

### 인증하기

"Authorize" 버튼을 눌러봅시다.

자격 증명을 사용합니다.

유저명: `johndoe`

패스워드: `secret`

<img src="/img/tutorial/security/image04.png">

existing functions, and on making security functions more understandable for users.

RBAC [cluster role aggregation](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/rbac/#aggregated-clusterroles), introduced in 1.9, graduated to stable status with no changes in 1.11, and [client-go credential plugins](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/authentication/#client-go-credential-plugins)  graduated to beta status, while also adding support for obtaining TLS credentials...

import org.jspecify.annotations.NonNull;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * An expanded {@code Iterable} API, providing functionality similar to Java 8's powerful <a href=
 * "https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/stream/package-summary.html#package.description"
 * >streams library</a> in a slightly different way.
 *
 * <p>The following types of methods are provided:
 *
 * <ul>

```console
$ OPENAPI_URL= uvicorn main:app

<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>:     Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
```

</div>

すると、以下のように `/openapi.json`, `/docs`, `/redoc` のどのURLにアクセスしても、 `404 Not Found` エラーが返ってくるようになります。

```JSON
{
    "detail": "Not Found"
}