s           string
		startIdx    int
		length      int
		resExpected string
		errExpected error
	}{
		{"abcd", 1, 1, "a", nil},
		{"abcd", -1, 1, "a", nil},
		{"abcd", 999, 999, "", nil},
		{"", 999, 999, "", nil},
		{"测试abc", 1, 1, "测", nil},
		{"测试abc", 5, 5, "c", nil},
	}

	for i, tc := range evalCases {
		res, err := evalSQLSubstring(tc.s, tc.startIdx, tc.length)
		if res != tc.resExpected || err != tc.errExpected {

    public Entry<Country, Currency>[] createArray(int length) {
      return (Entry<Country, Currency>[]) new Entry<?, ?>[length];
    }

    @Override
    public Iterable<Entry<Country, Currency>> order(List<Entry<Country, Currency>> insertionOrder) {
      return orderEntriesByKey(insertionOrder);
    }

    @Override
    public Country[] createKeyArray(int length) {
      return new Country[length];
    }

        assertNotNull(out);
        assertTrue(out.length > 0);

        // Verify interactions: flags and an empty optimistic token are used
        verify(this.mechContext, times(1)).getFlags();
        ArgumentCaptor<byte[]> cap = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(byte[].class);
        verify(this.mechContext, times(1)).initSecContext(cap.capture(), eq(0), eq(0));
        assertEquals(0, cap.getValue().length, "Optimistic token must be zero-length");
    }

        byte[] checksumData = data.clone();
        try {
            PacDataInputStream pacStream = new PacDataInputStream(new DataInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(data)));

            if (data.length <= 8) {
                throw new PACDecodingException("Empty PAC");
            }

            int bufferCount = pacStream.readInt();
            int version = pacStream.readInt();

    return new LinkedHashSet<>();
  }

  static <T extends @Nullable Object> T[] newArray(T[] reference, int length) {
    T[] empty = reference.length == 0 ? reference : Arrays.copyOf(reference, 0);
    return Arrays.copyOf(empty, length);
  }

  /** Equivalent to Arrays.copyOfRange(source, from, to, arrayOfType.getClass()). */

            }
            final String[] keyValue = StringUtils.split(values[1], ":", 2);
            if (keyValue.length == 2) {
                list.add(new Pair<>(keyValue[0].trim(), keyValue[1].trim()));
            } else if (keyValue.length == 1) {
                list.add(new Pair<>(keyValue[0].trim(), StringUtil.EMPTY));
            } else {
                logger.warn("Unexpected value: value={}", s);

      buffer.put(bytes);
      return this;
    }

    @Override
    public Hasher putUnencodedChars(CharSequence charSequence) {
      ensureCapacity(charSequence.length() * Character.BYTES);
      for (int i = 0, len = charSequence.length(); i < len; i++) {
        buffer.putChar(charSequence.charAt(i));
      }
      return this;
    }

    @Override
    public Hasher putShort(short s) {

type WarmBackendGetOpts struct {
	startOffset int64
	length      int64
}

// WarmBackend provides interface to be implemented by remote tier backends
type WarmBackend interface {
	Put(ctx context.Context, object string, r io.Reader, length int64) (remoteVersionID, error)
	PutWithMeta(ctx context.Context, object string, r io.Reader, length int64, meta map[string]string) (remoteVersionID, error)

        sb.append(dm).append(targetLabel);
        sb.append(dm).append(targetRole);
        sb.append(dm).append(updatedBy);
        sb.append(dm).append(updatedTime);
        if (sb.length() > dm.length()) {
            sb.delete(0, dm.length());
        }
        sb.insert(0, "{").append("}");
        return sb.toString();
    }

    // ===================================================================================

        byte[] dst = new byte[expectedBytes.length];
        int dstIndex = 0;

        // Execute the method to write bytes
        int bytesWritten = smbComNegotiate.writeBytesWireFormat(dst, dstIndex);

        // Verify the number of bytes written
        assertEquals(expectedBytes.length, bytesWritten, "The number of bytes written should match the length of the dialect string.");