*   OutputStream out = closer.register(openOutputStream());
 *   // do stuff
 * } catch (Throwable e) {
 *   // ensure that any checked exception types other than IOException that could be thrown are
 *   // provided here, e.g. throw closer.rethrow(e, CheckedException.class);
 *   throw closer.rethrow(e);
 * } finally {
 *   closer.close();
 * }
 * }</pre>
 *

    try {
      Hashing.hmacMd5(badKey);
      fail();
    } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
    } catch (NullPointerException toleratedOnAndroid) {
      // TODO(cpovirk): In an ideal world, we'd check here that we're running on Android.
    }
  }

  public void testEmptyInputs() throws Exception {
    String knownOutput = "8cbf764cbe2e4623d99a41354adfd390";

    Mac mac = Mac.getInstance("HmacMD5");

    assertEquals("../..", simplifyPath("./.././../"));
  }

  /*
   * We co-opt some URI resolution tests for our purposes.
   * Some of the tests have queries and anchors that are a little silly here.
   */

  /** http://gbiv.com/protocols/uri/rfc/rfc2396.html#rfc.section.C.1 */
  public void testRfc2396Normal() {
    assertEquals("/a/b/c/g", simplifyPath("/a/b/c/g"));

	HandlerClearUploadID

	// Add more above here ^^^
	// If all handlers are used, the type of Handler can be changed.
	// Handlers have no versioning, so non-compatible handler changes must result in new IDs.
	handlerTest
	handlerTest2
	handlerLast
)

// handlerPrefixes are prefixes for handler IDs used for tracing.
// If a handler is not listed here, it will be traced with "grid" prefix.

You could add a custom exception handler with `@app.exception_handler()`:

```Python hl_lines="5-7  13-18  24"
{!../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial003.py!}
```

Here, if you request `/unicorns/yolo`, the *path operation* will `raise` a `UnicornException`.

But it will be handled by the `unicorn_exception_handler`.

errors.app.double.submit.request=Your request might have been processed before this request. Please check and retry it.

# _/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/
# you can define your messages here:
# e.g.
#  errors.xxx = ...
#  info.xxx = ...
# _/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/
# ========================================================================================

errors.app.double.submit.request=Your request might have been processed before this request. Please check and retry it.

# _/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/
# you can define your messages here:
# e.g.
#  errors.xxx = ...
#  info.xxx = ...
# _/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/
# ========================================================================================

    assertThat(e).hasMessageThat().contains("toString representation");
  }

  private static void assertErrorMessage(Throwable e, String message) {
    // TODO(kevinb): use a Truth assertion here
    if (!e.getMessage().contains(message)) {
      fail("expected <" + e.getMessage() + "> to contain <" + message + ">");
    }
  }

  /**

 *   OutputStream out = closer.register(openOutputStream());
 *   // do stuff
 * } catch (Throwable e) {
 *   // ensure that any checked exception types other than IOException that could be thrown are
 *   // provided here, e.g. throw closer.rethrow(e, CheckedException.class);
 *   throw closer.rethrow(e);
 * } finally {
 *   closer.close();
 * }
 * }</pre>
 *

 *     .withDefaultPort(80)
 *     .requireBracketsForIPv6();
 * hp.getHost();   // returns "2001:db8::1"
 * hp.getPort();   // returns 80
 * hp.toString();  // returns "[2001:db8::1]:80"
 * </pre>
 *
 * <p>Here are some examples of recognized formats:
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>example.com
 *   <li>example.com:80
 *   <li>192.0.2.1
 *   <li>192.0.2.1:80
 *   <li>[2001:db8::1] - {@link #getHost()} omits brackets