/// warning | 注意

上記の例のように `Response` を明示的に返す場合、それは直接返されます。

モデルなどはシリアライズされません。

必要なデータが含まれていることや、値が有効なJSONであること (`JSONResponse` を使う場合) を確認してください。

///

/// note | 技術詳細

`from starlette.responses import JSONResponse` を利用することもできます。

**FastAPI** は `fastapi.responses` と同じ `starlette.responses` を、開発者の利便性のために提供しています。しかし有効なレスポンスはほとんどStarletteから来ています。 `status` についても同じです。

///

}

// hashOrder - hashes input key to return consistent
// hashed integer slice. Returned integer order is salted
// with an input key. This results in consistent order.
// NOTE: collisions are fine, we are not looking for uniqueness
// in the slices returned.
func hashOrder(key string, cardinality int) []int {
	if cardinality <= 0 {
		// Returns an empty int slice for cardinality < 0.
		return nil
	}

  - If there are any errors, read the error and fix your code.
  - IMPORTANT NOTE: if the first import fails, you have to select and apply `Synchronization disabled`, then repeat the step above.
    Otherwise, TeamCity complains "Can't find the previous revision, please commit current settings first".

   *
   * <p>Note that calls to {@linkplain Future#get(long, TimeUnit) timed get} only apply the timeout
   * to the execution of the underlying {@code Future}, not to the execution of the
   * transformation function.
   *
   * <p>The primary audience of this method is callers of {@code transform} who don't have a {@code
   * ListenableFuture} available and do not mind repeated, lazy function evaluation.
   *

    fun cancel()

    /**
     * Returns a plan to attempt if canceling this plan was a mistake! The returned plan is not
     * canceled, even if this plan is canceled.
     */
    fun retry(): Plan?
  }

  /**
   * What to do once a plan has executed.
   *
   * If [nextPlan] is not-null, another attempt should be made by following it. If [throwable] is

            throws ArtifactResolutionException, ArtifactNotFoundException;

    /**
     * Resolves the transitive dependencies of the specified projects. Note that dependencies which can't be resolved
     * from any repository but are present among the set of specified projects will not cause an exception. Instead,
     * those unresolved artifacts will be returned in the result set, allowing the caller to take special care of

import org.apache.maven.project.MavenProject;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

/**
 * <p>
 * Logs debug output from the various lifecycle phases.
 * </p>
 * <strong>NOTE:</strong> This class is not part of any public api and can be changed or deleted without prior notice.
 *
 * @since 3.0
 */
@Named
public class BuildPlanLogger {
    private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());

이러한 경우, 데이터를 응답에 전달하기 전에 `jsonable_encoder`를 사용하여 변환할 수 있습니다:

{* ../../docs_src/response_directly/tutorial001.py hl[6:7,21:22] *}

/// note | 기술적 세부 사항

`from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`를 사용할 수도 있습니다.

**FastAPI**는 개발자의 편의를 위해 `starlette.responses`를 `fastapi.responses`로 제공합니다. 그러나 대부분의 가능한 응답은 Starlette에서 직접 제공합니다.

///

app = FastAPI()

app.add_middleware(UnicornMiddleware, some_config="rainbow")
```

`app.add_middleware()` 的第一个参数是中间件的类，其它参数则是要传递给中间件的参数。

## 集成中间件

**FastAPI** 为常见用例提供了一些中间件，下面介绍怎么使用这些中间件。

/// note | 技术细节

以下几个示例中也可以使用 `from starlette.middleware.something import SomethingMiddleware`。

**FastAPI** 在 `fastapi.middleware` 中提供的中间件只是为了方便开发者使用，但绝大多数可用的中间件都直接继承自 Starlette。

///

## `HTTPSRedirectMiddleware`

例如，如果不首先将 Pydantic 模型转换为 `dict`，并将所有数据类型（如 `datetime`、`UUID` 等）转换为兼容 JSON 的类型，则不能将其放入JSONResponse中。

对于这些情况，在将数据传递给响应之前，你可以使用 `jsonable_encoder` 来转换你的数据。


{* ../../docs_src/response_directly/tutorial001.py hl[4,6,20,21] *}

/// note | 技术细节

你也可以使用 `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`。

出于方便，**FastAPI** 会提供与 `starlette.responses` 相同的 `fastapi.responses` 给开发者。但是大多数可用的响应都直接来自 Starlette。

///

## 返回自定义 `Response`