각 "범위"는 공백이 없는 문자열입니다.

일반적으로 특정 보안 권한을 선언하는 데 사용됩니다. 다음을 봅시다:

* `users:read` 또는 `users:write`는 일반적인 예시입니다.
* `instagram_basic`은 페이스북/인스타그램에서 사용합니다.
* `https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive`는 Google에서 사용합니다.

/// info | 정보

OAuth2에서 "범위"는 필요한 특정 권한을 선언하는 문자열입니다.

`:`과 같은 다른 문자가 있는지 또는 URL인지는 중요하지 않습니다.

이러한 세부 사항은 구현에 따라 다릅니다.

OAuth2의 경우 문자열일 뿐입니다.

///

## `username`과 `password`를 가져오는 코드

### Simple requests { #simple-requests }

Any request with an `Origin` header. In this case the middleware will pass the request through as normal, but will include appropriate CORS headers on the response.

## More info { #more-info }

For more info about <abbr title="Cross-Origin Resource Sharing">CORS</abbr>, check the <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CORS" class="external-link" target="_blank">Mozilla CORS documentation</a>.

 ╰─────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯

INFO:     Will watch for changes in these directories: ['/home/user/code/awesomeapp']
INFO:     Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
INFO:     Started reloader process [2248755] using WatchFiles
INFO:     Started server process [2248757]
INFO:     Waiting for application startup.
INFO:     Application startup complete.
```

</div>

Puoi far partire il server così:

<div class="termy">

```console
$ uvicorn main:app --reload

INFO:     Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
INFO:     Started reloader process [28720]
INFO:     Started server process [28722]
INFO:     Waiting for application startup.
INFO:     Application startup complete.
```

</div>

<details markdown="1">

**FastAPI** bietet ein praktisches Werkzeug zur Strukturierung Ihrer Anwendung bei gleichzeitiger Wahrung der Flexibilität.

/// info

Wenn Sie von Flask kommen, wäre dies das Äquivalent zu Flasks Blueprints.

///

## Eine Beispiel-Dateistruktur

Nehmen wir an, Sie haben eine Dateistruktur wie diese:

```
.
├── app

Führen Sie den Server aus:

<div class="termy">

```console
$ uvicorn main:app --reload

INFO:     Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
INFO:     Started reloader process [28720]
INFO:     Started server process [28722]
INFO:     Waiting for application startup.
INFO:     Application startup complete.
```

</div>

<details markdown="1">

При построении приложения или веб-API нам редко удается поместить всё в один файл.

**FastAPI** предоставляет удобный инструментарий, который позволяет нам структурировать приложение, сохраняя при этом всю необходимую гибкость.

/// info | Примечание

Если вы раньше использовали Flask, то это аналог шаблонов Flask (Flask's Blueprints).

///

## Пример структуры приложения

Давайте предположим, что наше приложение имеет следующую структуру:

            ftpClient.connect(info.getHost(), info.getPort());
            validateRequest(ftpClient);

            final FtpAuthentication auth = ftpAuthenticationHolder.get(info.toUrl());
            if (auth != null && !ftpClient.login(auth.getUsername(), auth.getPassword())) {
                throw new CrawlerLoginFailureException("Login Failure: " + auth.getUsername() + " for " + info.toUrl());
            }

Dies kann es Ihren Benutzern viel einfacher machen, **deren APIs zu implementieren**, um Ihre **Webhook**-Requests zu empfangen. Möglicherweise können diese sogar einen Teil des eigenem API-Codes automatisch generieren.

/// info

Webhooks sind in OpenAPI 3.1.0 und höher verfügbar und werden von FastAPI `0.99.0` und höher unterstützt.

///

## Eine Anwendung mit Webhooks

    connectTimeout: Int,
  ) {
    socket.connect(address, connectTimeout)
  }

  open fun log(
    message: String,
    level: Int = INFO,
    t: Throwable? = null,
  ) {
    val logLevel = if (level == WARN) Level.WARNING else Level.INFO
    logger.log(logLevel, message, t)
  }

  open fun isCleartextTrafficPermitted(hostname: String): Boolean = true

  /**