```Python hl_lines="1"
{!> ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009_py310.py!}
```

////

ただの `str` の代わりに `str | None` を使用することで、値が常に `str` であると仮定しているときに、実際には `None` である可能性もあるというエラーをエディタが検出するのに役立ちます。

### 型としてのクラス { #classes-as-types }

変数の型としてクラスを宣言することもできます。

名前を持つ `Person` クラスがあるとしましょう:

{* ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial010_py310.py hl[1:3] *}

変数を `Person` 型として宣言できます:

            )
        ) {
            Predicate<Class<?>> isStaticClass = clazz -> Modifier.isStatic(clazz.getModifiers());
            Predicate<Class<?>> isPublicClass = clazz -> Modifier.isPublic(clazz.getModifiers());
            Predicate<Class<?>> isAbstractClass = clazz -> Modifier.isAbstract(clazz.getModifiers());

            final Map<File, ? extends Class<?>> classes = getTestClassNames().entrySet()
                .stream()

    assertThat(findClassesToTest(classes, "testNotThere", "testPublic")).isEmpty();
  }

  public void testFindClassesToTest_withCorrespondingTestClass_noTestName() {
    assertThat(findClassesToTest(ImmutableList.of(Foo.class, FooTest.class)))
        .containsExactly(Foo.class);
  }

  static class EmptyTestCase {}

  static class EmptyTest {}

  static class EmptyTests {}

            if (formal == Integer.TYPE && (actual == Integer.class || actual == Short.class || actual == Byte.class)) {
                return true;
            }
            if (formal == Long.TYPE
                    && (actual == Long.class
                            || actual == Integer.class
                            || actual == Short.class
                            || actual == Byte.class)) {
                return true;
            }

    authenticator has access to the full incoming response and can respond with
    whichever followup request is appropriate. The `Challenge` class is now a
    top-level class and `Credential` is replaced with a utility class called
    `Credentials`.

 *  **OkHttpClient.getFollowProtocolRedirects() renamed to
    getFollowSslRedirects()**. We reserve the word _protocol_ for the HTTP

///

/// check | **FastAPI** lo usa para

Manejar todas las partes web centrales. Añadiendo funcionalidades encima.

La clase `FastAPI` en sí misma hereda directamente de la clase `Starlette`.

Por lo tanto, cualquier cosa que puedas hacer con Starlette, puedes hacerlo directamente con **FastAPI**, ya que es básicamente Starlette potenciado.

///

*   Added `tf.keras.__internal__.KerasTensor`,`tf.keras.__internal__.SparseKerasTensor`, and `tf.keras.__internal__.RaggedKerasTensor` classes. You can use these classes to do instance type checking and type annotations for layer/model inputs and outputs.

/**
 * Static methods pertaining to ASCII characters (those in the range of values {@code 0x00} through
 * {@code 0x7F}), and to strings containing such characters.
 *
 * <p>ASCII utilities also exist in other classes of this package:
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <!-- TODO(kevinb): how can we make this not produce a warning when building gwt javadoc? -->
 *   <li>{@link StandardCharsets#US_ASCII} specifies the {@code Charset} of ASCII characters.

### Recap { #recap }

In summary, you declare **once** the types of parameters, body, etc. as function parameters.

You do that with standard modern Python types.

You don't have to learn a new syntax, the methods or classes of a specific library, etc.

Just standard **Python**.

For example, for an `int`:

```Python
item_id: int
```

or for a more complex `Item` model:

```Python
item: Item
```

    /**
     * Returns the package name of the class, without attempting to load the class.
     *
     * <p>Behaves similarly to {@code class.getPackage().}{@link Package#getName() getName()} but
     * does not require the class (or package) to be loaded.
     *
     * <p>But note that this method may behave differently for a class in the default package: For