from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException

app = FastAPI()


class InternalError(Exception):
    pass


def get_username():
    try:
        yield "Rick"
    except InternalError:
        print("Oops, we didn't raise again, Britney 😱")


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def get_item(item_id: str, username: Annotated[str, Depends(get_username)]):
    if item_id == "portal-gun":

* `bytes`

{* ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial005_py310.py hl[1] *}

### Módulo `typing` { #typing-module }

Para algunos casos adicionales, podrías necesitar importar algunas cosas del módulo `typing` de la standard library, por ejemplo cuando quieres declarar que algo tiene "cualquier tipo", puedes usar `Any` de `typing`:

```python
from typing import Any


def some_function(data: Any):
    print(data)
```

* `bytes`

{* ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial005_py310.py hl[1] *}

### Módulo `typing` { #typing-module }

Para alguns casos adicionais, você pode precisar importar alguns itens do módulo padrão `typing`, por exemplo, quando quiser declarar que algo pode ter "qualquer tipo", você pode usar `Any` de `typing`:

```python
from typing import Any


def some_function(data: Any):
    print(data)
```

    # Return some error
    ...
```

But by using the `secrets.compare_digest()` it will be secure against a type of attacks called "timing attacks".

### Timing Attacks { #timing-attacks }

But what's a "timing attack"?

Let's imagine some attackers are trying to guess the username and password.

And they send a request with a username `johndoe` and a password `love123`.

```python
from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
from pydantic import Field

app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/items/")
async def create_items(items: Annotated[list[int], Field(min_length=1), Body()]):
    return items
```

instead of:

```python
# DO NOT DO THIS
from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import FastAPI

import gzip
from collections.abc import Callable
from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI, Request, Response
from fastapi.routing import APIRoute


class GzipRequest(Request):
    async def body(self) -> bytes:
        if not hasattr(self, "_body"):
            body = await super().body()
            if "gzip" in self.headers.getlist("Content-Encoding"):
                body = gzip.decompress(body)

{* ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial005_py310.py hl[1] *}

### Модуль `typing` { #typing-module }

Для деяких додаткових випадків використання може знадобитися імпортувати елементи зі стандартної бібліотеки, модуля `typing`. Наприклад, коли ви хочете оголосити, що щось має «будь-який тип», ви можете використати `Any` з `typing`:

```python
from typing import Any


def some_function(data: Any):
    print(data)
```

Her iki durumda da şunlar olacak:

* `str` olan opsiyonel bir `q` query parametresi.
* Default değeri `0` olan `int` tipinde bir `skip` query parametresi.
* Default değeri `100` olan `int` tipinde bir `limit` query parametresi.

Her iki durumda da veriler dönüştürülecek, doğrulanacak, OpenAPI şemasında dokümante edilecek, vb.

## Kullanalım { #use-it }

from typing import Any

import pytest
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from inline_snapshot import snapshot
from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field


@pytest.fixture(name="client")
def get_client():
    app = FastAPI()

    class ModelWithRef(BaseModel):
        ref: str = Field(validation_alias="$ref", serialization_alias="$ref")

import json
from typing import AsyncIterable, Iterable  # noqa: UP035 to test coverage

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str


app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/stream-bare-async")
async def stream_bare_async() -> AsyncIterable:
    yield {"name": "foo"}


@app.get("/items/stream-bare-sync")