{* ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial001_py310.py hl[9] *}

The query is the set of key-value pairs that go after the `?` in a URL, separated by `&` characters.

For example, in the URL:

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=0&limit=10
```

...the query parameters are:

* `skip`: with a value of `0`

  }

  @LazyInit @RetainedWith private transient @Nullable ImmutableSetMultimap<V, K> inverse;

  /**
   * {@inheritDoc}
   *
   * <p>Because an inverse of a set multimap cannot contain multiple pairs with the same key and
   * value, this method returns an {@code ImmutableSetMultimap} rather than the {@code
   * ImmutableMultimap} specified in the {@code ImmutableMultimap} class.
   */
  @Override

...Python has a little special syntax for that.

Pass `*`, as the first parameter of the function.

Python won't do anything with that `*`, but it will know that all the following parameters should be called as keyword arguments (key-value pairs), also known as <abbr title="From: K-ey W-ord Arg-uments"><code>kwargs</code></abbr>. Even if they don't have a default value.

{* ../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial003_py310.py hl[7] *}

        transformations.add(new ReplaceIsFalse(oldValue, MAPPER.convertValue(newValue, TextNode.class), testName));
    }

    /**
     * Replaces all the values of a given key/value pairs for all project REST tests.
     * For example "foo": "bar" can replaced as "foo": "baz"
     *
     * @param key      the key to find
     * @param oldValue the value of that key to find

        // Check encoded name (TEST -> encoded as pairs)
        // T = 0x54 -> upper nibble: 0x5 -> 0x46 (F), lower nibble: 0x4 -> 0x45 (E)
        assertEquals('F', dst[1]); // (0x54 >> 4) + 0x41 = 0x46 = 'F'
        assertEquals('E', dst[2]); // (0x54 & 0x0F) + 0x41 = 0x45 = 'E'

        // Check padding (positions 8-30 should be 'CA' pairs for spaces)
        for (int i = 8; i < 31; i += 2) {

    // safeMin <= {hi,lo} <= safeMax
    // where {hi,lo} are characters forming a surrogate pair such that:
    // codePointOf(hi, lo) > safeMax
    // which would result in the surrogate pair being (wrongly) considered safe.
    // If we clip the safe range used during the per-character tests so it is
    // below the values of characters in surrogate pairs, this cannot occur.
    // This approach does mean that we break out of the fast path code in cases

[Prometheus](https://prometheus.io) is a cloud-native monitoring platform. Prometheus offers a multi-dimensional data model with time series data identified by metric name and key/value pairs. The data collection happens via a pull model over HTTP/HTTPS. Users looking to monitor their MinIO instances can point Prometheus configuration to scrape data from following endpoints. 

如果你想要：

* 不用 `Query`、也不給預設值就宣告查詢參數 `q`
* 使用 `Path` 宣告路徑參數 `item_id`
* 讓它們的順序不同
* 不使用 `Annotated`

…Python 有個小語法可以做到。

在函式的參數列表最前面放一個 `*`。

Python 不會對這個 `*` 做任何事，但它會知道後續的所有參數都必須以關鍵字引數（key-value pairs）方式呼叫，也就是所謂的 <abbr title="源自：K-ey W-ord Arg-uments - 關鍵字參數"><code>kwargs</code></abbr>。即便它們沒有預設值也一樣。

{* ../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial003_py310.py hl[7] *}

### 使用 `Annotated` 更好 { #better-with-annotated }

    /**
     * Retrieves all crawling information parameters for the specified session as a map.
     *
     * @param sessionId the session ID to retrieve parameters for
     * @return a map containing all key-value parameter pairs for the session
     */
    public Map<String, String> getInfoMap(final String sessionId) {
        final List<CrawlingInfoParam> crawlingInfoParamList = getCrawlingInfoService().getLastCrawlingInfoParamList(sessionId);

import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Set;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * A collection that associates an ordered pair of keys, called a row key and a column key, with a
 * single value. A table may be sparse, with only a small fraction of row key / column key pairs
 * possessing a corresponding value.
 *
 * <p>The mappings corresponding to a given row key may be viewed as a {@link Map} whose keys are