* `list`
* `tuple`
* `set`
* `dict`

And generics from the `typing` module:

* `Union`
* `Optional`
* ...and others.

////

### Classes as types { #classes-as-types }

You can also declare a class as the type of a variable.

Let's say you have a class `Person`, with a name:

{* ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial010_py39.py hl[1:3] *}

        assertTrue(bulkLine.contains("reading2"));
    }

    @Test(expected = SuggesterException.class)
    public void testCreateBulkLineWithNullItem() {
        // Test that null item causes exception
        SuggestUtil.createBulkLine("test_index", "_doc", null);
    }

    @Test
    public void testCreateDefaultReadingConverter() {
        // Test creating default reading converter

      }
    }

    return Iterators.concat(subscriberIterators.iterator());
  }

  /**
   * A thread-safe cache that contains the mapping from each class to all methods in that class and
   * all super-classes, that are annotated with {@code @Subscribe}. The cache is shared across all
   * instances of this class; this greatly improves performance if multiple EventBus instances are

A middleware doesn't have to be made for FastAPI or Starlette to work, as long as it follows the ASGI spec.

In general, ASGI middlewares are classes that expect to receive an ASGI app as the first argument.

So, in the documentation for third-party ASGI middlewares they will probably tell you to do something like:

```Python
from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware

    assertThat(types.rawTypes()).contains(Object.class);
    assertThat(types.interfaces()).isEmpty();
    assertThat(types.interfaces().rawTypes()).isEmpty();
    assertThat(types.classes()).contains(TypeToken.of(Object.class));
    assertThat(types.classes().rawTypes()).contains(Object.class);
  }

  public void testGetTypes_fromInterface() {
    TypeToken<Interface1>.TypeSet types = new TypeToken<Interface1>() {}.getTypes();

    Mocking sophisticated classes like `OkHttpClient` is fragile and you
    shouldn’t do it. But if that’s how you want to live your life we won’t stand
    in your way!


## Version 3.0.1

_2016-01-14_

 *  Rollback OSGi support. This was causing library jars to include more classes
    than expected, which interfered with Gradle builds.


## Version 3.0.0

        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should support different file system information classes")
        void shouldSupportDifferentFileSystemInformationClasses() {
            // Test all known constants
            byte[] classes = { FileSystemInformation.SMB_INFO_ALLOCATION, FileSystemInformation.FS_SIZE_INFO,

# Request e classe APIRoute personalizadas { #custom-request-and-apiroute-class }

Em alguns casos, você pode querer sobrescrever a lógica usada pelas classes `Request` e `APIRoute`.

Em particular, isso pode ser uma boa alternativa para uma lógica em um middleware.

Por exemplo, se você quiser ler ou manipular o corpo da requisição antes que ele seja processado pela sua aplicação.

/// danger | Cuidado

Isso é um recurso "avançado".

            classes[it.simpleName] = instanceScopedPool.get(it.name)
        }

        classes['OldBase'].superclass = classes['OldSuperInternal']
        classes['NewBase'].superclass = classes['NewSuperInternal']
        classes['OldSub'].superclass = classes['OldBase']
        classes['NewSub'].superclass = classes['NewBase']

    // Since the last element of the heap is from the bottom level, we
    // optimistically fill index position with elements from lower levels,
    // moving the hole down. In most cases this reduces the number of
    // comparisons with toTrickle, but in some cases we will need to bubble it
    // all the way up again.
    int vacated = heap.fillHoleAt(index);
    // Try to see if toTrickle can be bubbled up min levels.