{* ../../docs_src/response_directly/tutorial001_py310.py hl[5:6,20:21] *}

/// note | Technical Details

You could also use `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`.

**FastAPI** provides the same `starlette.responses` as `fastapi.responses` just as a convenience for you, the developer. But most of the available responses come directly from Starlette.

///

    * Wird in Requests und Responses als `str` dargestellt.
* `datetime.datetime`:
    * Ein Python-`datetime.datetime`.
    * Wird in Requests und Responses als `str` im ISO 8601-Format dargestellt, etwa: `2008-09-15T15:53:00+05:00`.
* `datetime.date`:
    * Python-`datetime.date`.
    * Wird in Requests und Responses als `str` im ISO 8601-Format dargestellt, etwa: `2008-09-15`.
* `datetime.time`:

    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"width": 3, "length": 4, "area": 12}


@pytest.mark.parametrize("client", [True, False], indirect=True)
def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",
        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},

XMLを文字列にし、`Response` に含め、それを返します。

{* ../../docs_src/response_directly/tutorial002.py hl[1,18] *}

## 備考

`Response` を直接返す場合、バリデーションや、変換 (シリアライズ) や、自動ドキュメントは行われません。

しかし、[Additional Responses in OpenAPI](additional-responses.md){.internal-link target=_blank}に記載されたようにドキュメントを書くこともできます。

///

## OpenAPI and API docs { #openapi-and-api-docs }

If you return additional status codes and responses directly, they won't be included in the OpenAPI schema (the API docs), because FastAPI doesn't have a way to know beforehand what you are going to return.

* **`300 - 399`** son para "Redirección". Los responses con estos códigos de estado pueden o no tener un body, excepto `304`, "Not Modified", que no debe tener uno.
* **`400 - 499`** son para responses de "Error del Cliente". Este es el segundo tipo que probablemente más usarías.
    * Un ejemplo es `404`, para un response "Not Found".
    * Para errores genéricos del cliente, puedes usar simplemente `400`.

                                        },
                                        "title": "Response Items-Get Items",
                                        "type": "array",
                                    },
                                },
                            },
                            "description": "Successful Response",
                        },
                    },
                    "summary": "Get Items",

def test_get_items():
    response = client.get("/items/")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == [
        {"name": "Plumbus", "price": 3},
        {"name": "Portal Gun", "price": 9001},
    ]


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",

`Response`를 사용하여 다른 어떤 것도 반환 할수 있으며, 직접 하위 클래스를 만들 수도 있습니다.

/// note | 기술 세부사항

`from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse`를 사용할 수도 있습니다.

**FastAPI**는 개발자인 여러분의 편의를 위해 `starlette.responses`를 `fastapi.responses`로 제공 하지만, 대부분의 사용 가능한 응답은 Starlette에서 직접 가져옵니다.

///

### `Response`

기본 `Response` 클래스는 다른 모든 응답 클래스의 부모 클래스 입니다.

이 클래스를 직접 반환할 수 있습니다.

다음 매개변수를 받을 수 있습니다:

* `content` - `str` 또는 `bytes`.

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.responses import FileResponse
from pydantic import BaseModel


class Item(BaseModel):
    id: str
    value: str


responses = {
    404: {"description": "Item not found"},
    302: {"description": "The item was moved"},
    403: {"description": "Not enough privileges"},
}


app = FastAPI()


@app.get(
    "/items/{item_id}",