Let's say you have a Pydantic model with default values, like this one:

{* ../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001_py310.py ln[1:7] hl[7] *}

### Model for Input { #model-for-input }

If you use this model as an input like here:

{* ../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001_py310.py ln[1:15] hl[14] *}

        // Test all special characters
        String input = "Test & < > \"quote\" 'apos'";
        String expected = "Test &amp; &lt; &gt; &quot;quote&quot; &apos;apos&apos;";
        assertEquals(expected, XmlUtil.escapeXml(input));
    }

    public void test_escapeXml_noSpecialChars() {
        // Test string without special characters
        String input = "Simple text without special characters";

	readCloser   io.ReadCloser          // raw input
	buf          *bufio.Reader          // input to the splitter
	columnNames  []string               // names of columns
	nameIndexMap map[string]int64       // name to column index
	current      [][]string             // current block of results to be returned
	recordsRead  int                    // number of records read in current slice
	input        chan *queueItem        // input for workers

    @Override
    public Metadata read(File input, Map<String, ?> options) throws IOException {
        Objects.requireNonNull(input, "input cannot be null");

        return read(Files.newInputStream(input.toPath()), options);
    }

    @Override
    public Metadata read(Reader input, Map<String, ?> options) throws IOException {
        Objects.requireNonNull(input, "input cannot be null");

        try (Reader in = input) {

public class DefaultSettingsReader implements SettingsReader {

    @Override
    public Settings read(File input, Map<String, ?> options) throws IOException {
        Objects.requireNonNull(input, "input cannot be null");

        try (InputStream in = Files.newInputStream(input.toPath())) {
            InputSource source = InputSource.of(input.toString());
            return new Settings(new SettingsStaxReader().read(in, isStrict(options), source));

	switch {
	case *stdin:
		// Parse 'mc support inspect --json' output
		input := struct {
			File string `json:"file"`
			Key  string `json:"key"`
		}{}
		got, err := io.ReadAll(os.Stdin)
		if err != nil {
			fatalErr(err)
		}
		fatalErr(json.Unmarshal(got, &input))
		inputs = []string{input.File}
		*keyHex = input.Key
	case len(flag.Args()) == 1:
		var err error

                "loc": ["body", 0, "name"],
                "msg": "Field required",
                "input": {"age": "five"},
            },
            {
                "type": "decimal_parsing",
                "loc": ["body", 0, "age"],
                "msg": "Input should be a valid decimal",
                "input": "five",
            },
            {
                "type": "missing",

    }

    /**
     * Extracts text from the Visio input stream.
     * @param in The input stream.
     * @param params The parameters.
     * @return The extracted data.
     */
    @Override
    public ExtractData getText(final InputStream in, final Map<String, String> params) {
        if (in == null) {
            throw new CrawlerSystemException("Microsoft Visio input stream is null. Cannot extract text from null input.");
        }

        void testGetBytesWithVariousInputs(String input) {
            // When
            byte[] result = Strings.getBytes(input, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);

            // Then
            assertNotNull(result, "Result should never be null");
            if (input == null || input.isEmpty()) {
                assertEquals(0, result.length, "Null or empty input should produce empty array");
            } else {

    assert response.status_code == 422, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "detail": [
            {
                "loc": ["path", "item_id"],
                "input": "-1",
                "msg": "Input should be greater than or equal to 0",
                "type": "greater_than_equal",
                "ctx": {"ge": 0},
            }
        ]
    }