app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):

    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"name": "Wrestlers", "size": None}


def test_create():
    response = client.put("/items/red", json={"name": "Chillies"})
    assert response.status_code == 201, response.text

    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"name": "Wrestlers", "size": None}


def test_create():
    response = client.put("/items/red", json={"name": "Chillies"})
    assert response.status_code == 201, response.text

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(
    q: Annotated[
        Union[str, None],
        Query(
            title="Query string",
            description="Query string for the items to search in the database that have a good match",
            min_length=3,
        ),
    ] = None,
):
    results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]}
    if q:
        results.update({"q": q})

@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def read_items(
    item_id: UUID,
    start_datetime: datetime = Body(),
    end_datetime: datetime = Body(),
    process_after: timedelta = Body(),
    repeat_at: time | None = Body(default=None),
):
    start_process = start_datetime + process_after
    duration = end_datetime - start_process
    return {
        "item_id": item_id,
        "start_datetime": start_datetime,

    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "name": "Foo",
        "price": 42,
        "description": None,
        "tax": None,
        "tags": [],
    }


@needs_py39
@needs_pydanticv2
def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+

```Python hl_lines="11  13-14"
{!> ../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004.py!}
```

////

* `description: Union[str, None] = None` (oder `str | None = None` in Python 3.10) hat einen Defaultwert `None`.
* `tax: float = 10.5` hat einen Defaultwert `10.5`.
* `tags: List[str] = []` hat eine leere Liste als Defaultwert: `[]`.

    else:

        class Config:
            extra = "forbid"


class Foo(FooBaseModel):
    pass


app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/")
async def post(
    foo: Union[Foo, None] = None,
):
    return foo


client = TestClient(app)


def test_call_invalid():
    response = client.post("/", json={"foo": {"bar": "baz"}})
    assert response.status_code == 422

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict

from .utils import needs_pydanticv1, needs_pydanticv2


@needs_pydanticv2
def test_read_with_orm_mode() -> None:
    class PersonBase(BaseModel):
        name: str
        lastname: str

    class Person(PersonBase):
        @property
        def full_name(self) -> str:
            return f"{self.name} {self.lastname}"

async def read_items(
    q: Annotated[
        Union[str, None],
        Query(
            alias="item-query",
            title="Query string",
            description="Query string for the items to search in the database that have a good match",
            min_length=3,
            max_length=50,
            pattern="^fixedquery$",
            deprecated=True,
        ),
    ] = None,
):