import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Tests for {@link HostAndPort}
 *
 * @author Paul Marks
 */
@GwtCompatible
@NullUnmarked
public class HostAndPortTest extends TestCase {

  public void testFromStringWellFormed() {
    // Well-formed inputs.

     * that seems unlikely enough to be worth complicating the test over, especially if there's any
     * chance that a permissive test could mask a bug.
     */
    expectUnchanged();
    // Be extra thorough in case internal state was corrupted by the expected null.
    assertEquals(new ArrayList<>(), new ArrayList<>(multimap().get(k3())));

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from inline_snapshot import snapshot

from ...utils import needs_py310


@pytest.fixture(
    name="client",
    params=[
        pytest.param("tutorial001_py310", marks=needs_py310),
    ],
)
def get_client(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):
    mod = importlib.import_module(f"docs_src.body.{request.param}")

    client = TestClient(mod.app)
    return client

這些範例刻意保持簡單，但展示了整個機制如何運作。

在關於安全性的章節裡，有一些工具函式也是用同樣的方式實作。

如果你理解了以上內容，你其實已經知道那些安全性工具在底層是如何運作的。

///

## 同時含有 `yield`、`HTTPException`、`except` 與背景任務的相依 { #dependencies-with-yield-httpexception-except-and-background-tasks }

/// warning | 警告

你很可能不需要這些技術細節。

這些細節主要在於：如果你有一個 0.121.0 之前的 FastAPI 應用，並且在使用含有 `yield` 的相依時遇到問題，會對你有幫助。

///

含有 `yield` 的相依隨著時間演進，以涵蓋不同的使用情境並修正一些問題。以下是變更摘要。

"keysplines","keytimes","lang","lengthadjust","letter-spacing","kernelmatrix","kernelunitlength","lighting-color","local","marker-end","marker-mid","marker-start","markerheight","markerunits","markerwidth","maskcontentunits","maskunits","max","mask","mask-type","media","method","mode","min","name","numoctaves","offset","operator","opacity","order","orient","orientation","origin","overflow","paint-order","path","pathlength","patterncontentunits","patterntransform","patternunits","points","preserv...

      if ((radix & (radix - 1)) == 0) {
        // Radix is a power of two so we can avoid division.
        int shift = Integer.numberOfTrailingZeros(radix);
        int mask = radix - 1;
        do {
          buf[--i] = Character.forDigit(((int) x) & mask, radix);
          x >>>= shift;
        } while (x != 0);
      } else {
        // Separate off the last digit using unsigned division. That will leave

    private fun BaseGradleBuildType.getGradleTasks(): String {
        val runnerStep = this.steps.items.find { it.name == "GRADLE_RUNNER" } as GradleBuildStep
        return runnerStep.tasks!!
    }

    private fun BaseGradleBuildType.getGradleParams(): String {
        val runnerStep = this.steps.items.find { it.name == "GRADLE_RUNNER" } as GradleBuildStep
        return runnerStep.gradleParams!!
    }

     * that seems unlikely enough to be worth complicating the test over, especially if there's any
     * chance that a permissive test could mask a bug.
     */
    expectUnchanged();
    // Be extra thorough in case internal state was corrupted by the expected null.
    assertEquals(new ArrayList<>(), new ArrayList<>(multimap().get(k3())));

a","laxå","lekeberg","leksand","lerum","lessebo","lidingö","lidköping","lilla edets","lindesbergs","linköpings","ljungby","ljusdals","ljusnarsbergs","lomma","ludvika","luleå","lunds","lycksele","lysekil","malmö","malung-sälen","malå","mariestad","marks","markaryd","mellerud","mjölby","mora","motala","mullsjö","munkedal","munkfors","mölndal","mönsterås","mörbylånga","nacka","nora","norberg","nordanstig","nordmaling","norrköping","norrtälje","norsjö","nybro","nykvarn","nyköping","nynäshamn","nässj...

* 그런 다음 해당 **응답**에 대해 무언가를 하거나 필요한 코드를 실행할 수 있습니다.
* 그런 다음 **응답**을 반환합니다.

/// note | 기술 세부사항

`yield`를 사용하는 의존성이 있다면, exit 코드는 미들웨어 *후에* 실행됩니다.

백그라운드 작업(뒤에서 보게 될 [백그라운드 작업](background-tasks.md) 섹션에서 다룹니다)이 있다면, 모든 미들웨어 *후에* 실행됩니다.

///

## 미들웨어 만들기 { #create-a-middleware }

미들웨어를 만들기 위해 함수 상단에 데코레이터 `@app.middleware("http")`를 사용합니다.

미들웨어 함수는 다음을 받습니다:

* `request`.