* </ul>
 *
 * <h4>Full Inference for 4.1.0+ Models</h4>
 * <ul>
 *   <li><strong>ModelVersion Removal</strong>: Removes {@code <modelVersion>} element (inference enabled)</li>
 *   <li><strong>Root Attribute</strong>: Adds {@code root="true"} attribute to root project</li>
 *   <li><strong>Parent Element Trimming</strong>:
 *     <ul>
 *       <li>Removes parent {@code <groupId>} when child has no explicit groupId</li>

        assertNotNull(exception.getStackTrace());
        assertTrue(exception.getStackTrace().length > 0);

        // Verify the first stack trace element is from this test method
        StackTraceElement firstElement = exception.getStackTrace()[0];
        assertEquals(this.getClass().getName(), firstElement.getClassName());

    List<E> containsNull = singletonList(null);
    assertTrue("addAll(n, containsNull) should return true", getList().addAll(0, containsNull));
    /*
     * We need (E) to force interpretation of null as the single element of a
     * varargs array, not the array itself
     */
    expectAdded(0, (E) null);
  }

  @ListFeature.Require(SUPPORTS_ADD_WITH_INDEX)
  @CollectionFeature.Require(absent = ALLOWS_NULL_VALUES)

   * is fine with that.
   */

  /**
   * Ensures that {@code index} specifies a valid <i>element</i> in an array, list or string of size
   * {@code size}. An element index may range from zero, inclusive, to {@code size}, exclusive.
   *
   * @param index a user-supplied index identifying an element of an array, list or string
   * @param size the size of that array, list or string

    List<E> containsNull = singletonList(null);
    assertTrue("addAll(n, containsNull) should return true", getList().addAll(0, containsNull));
    /*
     * We need (E) to force interpretation of null as the single element of a
     * varargs array, not the array itself
     */
    expectAdded(0, (E) null);
  }

  @ListFeature.Require(SUPPORTS_ADD_WITH_INDEX)
  @CollectionFeature.Require(absent = ALLOWS_NULL_VALUES)

     */
    protected abstract List<Long> create(Long[] elements);

    @Override
    public Long[] createArray(int length) {
      return new Long[length];
    }

    /** Returns the original element list, unchanged. */
    @Override
    public List<Long> order(List<Long> insertionOrder) {
      return insertionOrder;
    }
  }

  public static class SampleLongs extends SampleElements<Long> {

     */
    protected abstract List<Short> create(Short[] elements);

    @Override
    public Short[] createArray(int length) {
      return new Short[length];
    }

    /** Returns the original element list, unchanged. */
    @Override
    public List<Short> order(List<Short> insertionOrder) {
      return insertionOrder;
    }
  }

  public static class SampleShorts extends SampleElements<Short> {

    protected abstract List<Character> create(Character[] elements);

    @Override
    public Character[] createArray(int length) {
      return new Character[length];
    }

    /** Returns the original element list, unchanged. */
    @Override
    public List<Character> order(List<Character> insertionOrder) {
      return insertionOrder;
    }
  }

  public static class SampleChars extends SampleElements<Character> {

     */
    protected abstract List<Short> create(Short[] elements);

    @Override
    public Short[] createArray(int length) {
      return new Short[length];
    }

    /** Returns the original element list, unchanged. */
    @Override
    public List<Short> order(List<Short> insertionOrder) {
      return insertionOrder;
    }
  }

  public static class SampleShorts extends SampleElements<Short> {

        String[] result = invokeDistinct(input);
        assertSame(input, result);
    }

    @Test
    public void test_distinct_singleElement() {
        // Test distinct with single element
        String[] input = new String[] { "element" };
        String[] result = invokeDistinct(input);
        assertSame(input, result);
    }

    @Test
    public void test_distinct_noDuplicates() {