# Custom Response Classes - File, HTML, Redirect, Streaming, etc.

There are several custom response classes you can use to create an instance and return them directly from your *path operations*.

Read more about it in the [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/).

You can import them directly from `fastapi.responses`:

```python
from fastapi.responses import (
    FileResponse,

## Other middlewares { #other-middlewares }

You can later read more about other middlewares in the [Advanced User Guide: Advanced Middleware](../advanced/middleware.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

        buffer[7] = 0x00;
        // lastNameOffset (2 bytes)
        buffer[8] = 0x10;
        buffer[9] = 0x00;

        int result = response.readParametersWireFormat(buffer, 0, 10);

        // Should read 10 bytes
        assertEquals(10, result);
        // Check the values were parsed correctly
        assertEquals(1, response.getSid());
        assertEquals(5, response.getNumEntries());

        // Fill with pattern to verify we read correct bytes
        for (int i = 0; i < buffer.length; i++) {
            buffer[i] = (byte) (i + 1);
        }

        // Decode
        int bytesDecoded = smbInfoAllocation.decode(buffer, 0, buffer.length);

        // Verify we read exactly 20 bytes (4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4)
        // Note: bytesPerSect is read as Int2 but 4 bytes are consumed (padding)

      while (true) {
        try {
          Thread.sleep(everyMillis);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
          // ok. just stop sleeping.
        }
        if (shouldStop) {
          break;
        }
        interruptee.interrupt();
      }
    }

    void stopInterrupting() {
      shouldStop = true;
    }
  }

        System.arraycopy(remarkBytes, 0, buffer, remarkOffset, remarkBytes.length);
        buffer[remarkOffset + remarkBytes.length] = 0; // null terminator

        // Read the data
        int bytesRead = response.readDataWireFormat(buffer, start, buffer.length);

        // Verify results
        assertTrue(bytesRead > 0);
        FileEntry[] results = getResults(response);

# Templating - `Jinja2Templates`

You can use the `Jinja2Templates` class to render Jinja templates.

Read more about it in the [FastAPI docs for Templates](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/templates/).

You can import it directly from `fastapi.templating`:

```python
from fastapi.templating import Jinja2Templates
```

name: Shell formatting checks

on:
  pull_request:
    branches:
      - master

permissions:
  contents: read
    
jobs:
  build:
    name: runner / shfmt
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: luizm/action-sh-checker@master
        env:
          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
          SHFMT_OPTS: "-s"
        with:

```

::: fastapi.UploadFile
    options:
        members:
            - file
            - filename
            - size
            - headers
            - content_type
            - read
            - write
            - seek

name: "Conflict detector"
on:
  push:
  pull_request_target:
    types: [synchronize]

jobs:
  main:
    permissions:
      contents: read
      pull-requests: write
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Check if PRs have merge conflicts
        uses: eps1lon/actions-label-merge-conflict@v3
        with:
          dirtyLabel: "conflicts"
          repoToken: "${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}"