@ParameterizedTest
        @DisplayName("Should reject invalid binding URLs")
        @ValueSource(strings = { "invalid_url", "proto:", "proto:server[]", "proto:[key=]", "proto:[=value]", "proto:server[endpoint=]",
                "proto:[endpoint=]" })
        void testParseInvalidBindingUrls(String url) {
            // When/Then: Should throw DcerpcException for invalid URLs

        // After ensureOpen with valid fh
        when(pipe.ensureTreeConnected()).thenReturn(tree);
        when(tree.acquire()).thenReturn(tree);
        when(tree.isSMB2()).thenReturn(true);
        when(pipe.openUnshared(eq("\\\\pipe\\\\w"), eq(0), anyInt(), anyInt(), eq(SmbConstants.ATTR_NORMAL), eq(0))).thenReturn(fh);
        when(fh.acquire()).thenReturn(fh);
        when(fh.isValid()).thenReturn(true, false); // first true, then false

        // check transformer name
        if (!getName().equals(accessResultData.getTransformerName())) {
            throw new CrawlerSystemException(
                    "Transformer is invalid. Use " + accessResultData.getTransformerName() + ". This transformer is " + getName() + ".");
        }
        final byte[] data = accessResultData.getData();
        if (data == null) {
            return null;
        }

        // StructureSize (2 bytes) - must be 36
        this.structureSize = SMBUtil.readInt2(buffer, bufferIndex);
        if (this.structureSize != 36) {
            throw new SMBProtocolDecodingException("Invalid lease break response structure size: " + this.structureSize);
        }
        bufferIndex += 2;

        // Reserved (2 bytes)
        bufferIndex += 2;

        // Flags (4 bytes)

            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug("Invalid query: {}", body.q, e);
            }
            throwValidationErrorApi(e.getMessageCode());
        } catch (final ResultOffsetExceededException e) {
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug("Invalid offset: {}", body.offset, e);
            }

    /**
     * Reads a 32-bit RID and constructs a SID from it.
     * @return the constructed SID object
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
     * @throws PACDecodingException if the SID data is invalid
     */
    public SID readId() throws IOException, PACDecodingException {
        final byte[] bytes = new byte[4];
        readFully(bytes);

        final byte[] sidBytes = new byte[8 + bytes.length];

            if (isValidRedirectUrl(targetUrl)) {
                return HtmlResponse.fromRedirectPathAsIs(DocumentUtil.encodeUrl(targetUrl + hash));
            } else {
                logger.warn("Invalid redirect URL detected: {}", targetUrl);
                saveError(messages -> messages.addErrorsDocumentNotFound(GLOBAL, form.docId));
                return redirect(ErrorAction.class);
            }
        }

                return LocalDateTime.ofInstant(instant, ZoneId.systemDefault());
            } catch (final DateTimeParseException e) {
                logger.debug("Invalid date format: {}", value, e);
            }
        }
        return DfTypeUtil.toLocalDateTime(value);
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    @Override

        clearInvocations(handle);

        // Act
        out.close();

        // Assert
        verifyNoInteractions(handle);
    }

    @Nested
    @DisplayName("Constructor invalid inputs")
    class ConstructorInvalidInputs {
        @Test
        @DisplayName("Null handle triggers NullPointerException")
        void ctor_nullHandle_throwsNPE() {
            // Act + Assert

	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Company", 0, "after clear")
	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Manager", 0, "after clear")

	// unexist company id
	unexistCompanyID := company.ID + 9999999
	user = User{Name: "invalid-user-with-invalid-belongs-to-foreign-key", CompanyID: &unexistCompanyID}
	if err := DB.Create(&user).Error; err == nil {
		tidbSkip(t, "not support the foreign key feature")
		t.Errorf("should have gotten foreign key violation error")