throw new IllegalArgumentException(
          "radix must be between MIN_RADIX and MAX_RADIX but was " + radix);
    }
    boolean negative = string.charAt(0) == '-';
    int index = negative ? 1 : 0;
    if (index == string.length()) {
      return null;
    }
    int digit = AsciiDigits.digit(string.charAt(index++));
    if (digit < 0 || digit >= radix) {
      return null;

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should encode negative values as unsigned")
        void testEncodingWithNegativeValues() {
            long negativeOffset = -1L;
            long negativeLength = -100L;
            int negativeFlags = -1;

            lock = new Smb2Lock(negativeOffset, negativeLength, negativeFlags);
            lock.encode(buffer, 0);

            // Negative values should be encoded as unsigned

     */
    public static void validateBufferSize(int size, int maxSize, String fieldName) {
        if (size < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(fieldName + " size cannot be negative: " + size);
        }
        if (size > maxSize) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(fieldName + " size exceeds maximum (" + maxSize + "): " + size);
        }
    }

    /**

   * high wastes memory.
   *
   * @return this {@code CacheBuilder} instance (for chaining)
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code initialCapacity} is negative
   * @throws IllegalStateException if an initial capacity was already set
   */
  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  public CacheBuilder<K, V> initialCapacity(int initialCapacity) {
    checkState(

    @Test
    @DisplayName("encode() throws when dstIndex is negative")
    void encodeThrowsWhenDstIndexNegative() {
        byte[] src = makeSeq(3);
        Encodable enc = new ByteEncodable(src, 0, 3);
        byte[] dst = new byte[3];

        assertThrows(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> enc.encode(dst, -1),
                "System.arraycopy should throw for negative dstIndex");
    }

        assertEquals("00001234", Hexdump.toHexString(0x1234, 8));
        assertEquals("1234", Hexdump.toHexString(0x1234, 4));
        assertEquals("34", Hexdump.toHexString(0x1234, 2));

        // Test negative values (treated as unsigned)
        assertEquals("FFFFFFFF", Hexdump.toHexString(-1, 8));
        assertEquals("FFFF", Hexdump.toHexString(-1, 4));
        assertEquals("FF", Hexdump.toHexString(-1, 2));
    }

   *
   * @param a the first {@code boolean} to compare
   * @param b the second {@code boolean} to compare
   * @return a positive number if only {@code a} is {@code true}, a negative number if only {@code
   *     b} is true, or zero if {@code a == b}
   */
  @InlineMe(replacement = "Boolean.compare(a, b)")
  public static int compare(boolean a, boolean b) {
    return Boolean.compare(a, b);

   *
   * @param a the first {@code boolean} to compare
   * @param b the second {@code boolean} to compare
   * @return a positive number if only {@code a} is {@code true}, a negative number if only {@code
   *     b} is true, or zero if {@code a == b}
   */
  @InlineMe(replacement = "Boolean.compare(a, b)")
  public static int compare(boolean a, boolean b) {
    return Boolean.compare(a, b);

   *   <li>If the first character was a high surrogate value, then an attempt is made to read the
   *       next character.
   *       <ol>
   *         <li><b>If the end of the sequence was reached, the negated value of the trailing high
   *             surrogate is returned.</b>
   *         <li><b>If the next character was a valid low surrogate, the code point value of the
   *             high/low surrogate pair is returned.</b>

 * it returns is "s". For values in [-499..499] this returns "  0 µs".
 *
 * The returned string attempts to be column-aligned to 6 characters. For negative and large values
 * the returned string may be longer.
 */
fun formatDuration(ns: Long): String {
  val s =
    when {
      ns <= -999_500_000 -> "${(ns - 500_000_000) / 1_000_000_000} s "