* Reader#readAllLines()}. The two may have different performance characteristics for different
   * {@link Reader} classes and Java versions, but both methods read the entire input into memory
   * immediately, so we discourage use of both when memory usage is a concern.
   *
   * @param r the object to read from
   * @return a mutable {@link List} containing all the lines
   * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
   */

    airtime before a decision is made regarding whether they are to be migrated
    to the core.
*   As every PR requires several CPU/GPU hours of CI testing, we discourage
    submitting PRs to fix one typo, one warning,etc. We recommend fixing the
    same issue at the file level at least (e.g.: fix all typos in a file, fix
    all compiler warnings in a file, etc.)

how deep the change is. There is no way to predict how long it will take unless
we rush.
* We do not rush reviews without a very, very good reason. Class deadlines
aren't a good enough reason for us to rush reviews.
* We deeply discourage opening a PR you don't intend to work through the entire
code review process because it wastes our time.
* We don't have the capacity to absorb an entire class full of new contributors,

 * ### IDNA Mapping and Punycode encoding
 *
 * Hostnames have different requirements and use a different encoding scheme. It consists of IDNA
 * mapping and Punycode encoding.
 *
 * In order to avoid confusion and discourage phishing attacks, [IDNA Mapping][idna] transforms
 * names to avoid confusing characters. This includes basic case folding: transforming shouting