# Currently, there is no way to pass multiple cookies with the same name.
# The only way to pass multiple values for cookie params is to serialize them using

當你需要在測試中執行 lifespan（生命週期）時，你可以使用 TestClient 並搭配 with 陳述式：

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial004_py310.py hl[9:15,18,27:28,30:32,41:43] *}

你可以閱讀更多細節：[在測試中執行 lifespan](https://www.starlette.dev/lifespan/#running-lifespan-in-tests)（Starlette 官方文件）。

對於已棄用的 `startup` 和 `shutdown` 事件，你可以這樣使用 TestClient：

/// note | Technical Details

You could also use `from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse`.

**FastAPI** provides the same `starlette.responses` as `fastapi.responses` just as a convenience for you, the developer. But most of the available responses come directly from Starlette.

///

### Multiple File Uploads with Additional Metadata { #multiple-file-uploads-with-additional-metadata }

但是如果你有希望让浏览器中的客户端可见的自定义请求头，你需要把它们加到你的 CORS 配置（[CORS（跨域资源共享）](cors.md)）的 `expose_headers` 参数中，参见 [Starlette 的 CORS 文档](https://www.starlette.dev/middleware/#corsmiddleware)。

///

/// note | 技术细节

你也可以使用 `from starlette.requests import Request`。

**FastAPI** 为了开发者方便提供了该对象，但它直接来自 Starlette。

///

### 在 `response` 之前与之后 { #before-and-after-the-response }

**Typer** ist die kleine Schwester von FastAPI. Und es soll das **FastAPI der CLIs** sein. ⌨️ 🚀

## Anforderungen { #requirements }

FastAPI steht auf den Schultern von Giganten:

* [Starlette](https://www.starlette.dev/) für die Webanteile.
* [Pydantic](https://docs.pydantic.dev/) für die Datenanteile.

## Installation { #installation }

你可以使用同一个 `TestClient` 来测试 WebSockets。

为此，在 `with` 语句中使用 `TestClient` 连接到 WebSocket：

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002_py310.py hl[27:31] *}

/// note | 注意

更多细节请查看 Starlette 的文档：[测试 WebSockets](https://www.starlette.dev/testclient/#testing-websocket-sessions)。

# Currently, there is no way to pass multiple cookies with the same name.
# The only way to pass multiple values for cookie params is to serialize them using

That status code will be used in the response and will be added to the OpenAPI schema.

/// note | Technical Details

You could also use `from starlette import status`.

**FastAPI** provides the same `starlette.status` as `fastapi.status` just as a convenience for you, the developer. But it comes directly from Starlette.

///

## Tags { #tags }

<img src="/img/tutorial/response-status-code/image02.png">

/// note | Technical Details

You could also use `from starlette import status`.

**FastAPI** provides the same `starlette.status` as `fastapi.status` just as a convenience for you, the developer. But it comes directly from Starlette.

///

## Changing the default { #changing-the-default }

테스트에서 `lifespan`을 실행해야 하는 경우, `with` 문과 함께 `TestClient`를 사용할 수 있습니다:

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial004_py310.py hl[9:15,18,27:28,30:32,41:43] *}


["공식 Starlette 문서 사이트에서 테스트에서 라이프스팬 실행하기."](https://www.starlette.dev/lifespan/#running-lifespan-in-tests)에 대한 자세한 내용을 더 읽을 수 있습니다.

더 이상 권장되지 않는 `startup` 및 `shutdown` 이벤트의 경우, 다음과 같이 `TestClient`를 사용할 수 있습니다: