pod            *v1.Pod
		oldObj, newObj interface{}
		expectedHint   framework.QueueingHint
		expectedErr    bool
	}{
		"backoff-wrong-old-object": {
			pod:          &v1.Pod{},
			oldObj:       "not-a-pod",
			expectedHint: framework.Queue,
			expectedErr:  true,
		},
		"backoff-wrong-new-object": {
			pod:          &v1.Pod{},
			newObj:       "not-a-pod",
			expectedHint: framework.Queue,
			expectedErr:  true,

func (c *Client) LastError() error {
	c.RLock()
	defer c.RUnlock()
	return fmt.Errorf("[%s] %w", c.lastErrTime.Format(time.RFC3339), c.lastErr)
}

// computes the exponential backoff duration according to
// https://www.awsarchitectureblog.com/2015/03/backoff.html
func exponentialBackoffWait(r *rand.Rand, unit, cap time.Duration) func(uint) time.Duration {
	if unit > time.Hour {
		// Protect against integer overflow

	}
}

func retryWithExponentialBackOff(initialDuration time.Duration, fn wait.ConditionFunc) error {
	backoff := wait.Backoff{
		Duration: initialDuration,
		Factor:   3,
		Jitter:   0,
		Steps:    6,
	}
	return wait.ExponentialBackoff(backoff, fn)
}

func TestPluginRegistration(t *testing.T) {
	socketDir := initTempDir(t)
	defer os.RemoveAll(socketDir)

func ActivePods() metrics.GaugeMetric {
	return pendingPods.With(metrics.Labels{"queue": "active"})
}

// BackoffPods returns the pending pods metrics with the label backoff
func BackoffPods() metrics.GaugeMetric {
	return pendingPods.With(metrics.Labels{"queue": "backoff"})
}

// UnschedulablePods returns the pending pods metrics with the label unschedulable
func UnschedulablePods() metrics.GaugeMetric {

        Deque<URI> serversLeft = new ArrayDeque<>(baseUris);
        try {
            ExponentialBackoff<ExponentialBackoff.Signal> backoff = ExponentialBackoff.of(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS, 50, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
            backoff.retryUntil(() -> {
                URI baseUri = serversLeft.poll();
                if (baseUri == null) {
                    // no more servers left despite retries

	// InsecureSkipVerify skips client verification the server's certificate chain and host name.
	InsecureSkipVerify bool

	// BackoffPolicy determines the reconnect policy. Based on MCP client.
	BackoffPolicy backoff.BackOff

	GrpcOpts []grpc.DialOption
}

// ADSConfig for the ADS connection.
type ADSConfig struct {
	Config

	}
}

func retryWithExponentialBackOff(initialDuration time.Duration, fn wait.ConditionFunc) error {
	backoff := wait.Backoff{
		Duration: initialDuration,
		Factor:   3,
		Jitter:   0,
		Steps:    6,
	}
	return wait.ExponentialBackoff(backoff, fn)
}

type DummyImpl struct{}

func NewDummyImpl() *DummyImpl {
	return &DummyImpl{}
}

	// TODO(ramaraochavali): Think about tieing these failures to liveness probe with a
	// reasonable threshold (when the problem is not transient) and restart the pod.
	go func() {
		b := backoff.NewExponentialBackOff(backoff.DefaultOption())
		_ = b.RetryWithContext(context.TODO(), func() error {
			err := sc.tryAddFileWatcher(file, resourceName)
			return err
		})
	}()
}

	}
}

// TestWithExponentialBackoff ensures that the webhook's exponential backoff support works as expected
func TestWithExponentialBackoff(t *testing.T) {
	count := 0 // To keep track of the requests
	gr := schema.GroupResource{
		Group:    "webhook.util.k8s.io",
		Resource: "test",
	}

	// Handler that will handle all backoff CONDITIONS
	ebHandler := func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {

func (m *Multicluster) checkShouldLead(client kubelib.Client, systemNamespace string, stop <-chan struct{}) bool {
	var res bool
	if features.ExternalIstiod {
		b := backoff.NewExponentialBackOff(backoff.DefaultOption())
		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
		go func() {
			select {
			case <-stop:
				cancel()
			case <-ctx.Done():
			}
		}()
		defer cancel()