// TODO: function gen_random_uuid() does not exist
		ID        string `gorm:"default:gen_random_uuid()"`
		Name      string
		CreatedAt time.Time `gorm:"type:TIMESTAMP WITHOUT TIME ZONE"`
		UpdatedAt time.Time `gorm:"type:TIMESTAMP WITHOUT TIME ZONE;default:current_timestamp"`
	}

	if err := DB.Exec("CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pgcrypto;").Error; err != nil {
		t.Errorf("Failed to create extension pgcrypto, got error %v", err)
	}

    //     fgh[b]c|[a]de -> fgh[a]c|[b]de. Finally we need to swap [c] with [b]:
    //     fgha[c]|[b]de -> fgha[b]|[c]de. Because these two blocks are the same size, we are done.
    // The Dolphin algorithm is attractive because it does the fewest array reads and writes: each
    // array slot is read and written exactly once. However, it can have very poor memory locality:

  }

  /**
   * Retrieves the result of a {@code Future} known to be done but uses the {@code get(long,
   * TimeUnit)} overload in order to test that method.
   */
  static <V extends @Nullable Object> V getDoneFromTimeoutOverload(Future<V> future)
      throws ExecutionException {
    checkState(future.isDone(), "Future was expected to be done: %s", future);
    try {
      return getUninterruptibly(future, 0, SECONDS);

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):

	"time"

	"gorm.io/gorm"
)

// User has one `Account` (has one), many `Pets` (has many) and `Toys` (has many - polymorphic)
// He works in a Company (belongs to), he has a Manager (belongs to - single-table), and also managed a Team (has many - single-table)
// He speaks many languages (many to many) and has many friends (many to many - single-table)
// His pet also has one Toy (has one - polymorphic)

  }

  public void testForMapWithoutDefault() {
    Map<String, @Nullable Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
    map.put("One", 1);
    map.put("Three", 3);
    map.put("Null", null);
    Function<String, @Nullable Integer> function = Functions.forMap(map);

    assertEquals(1, function.apply("One").intValue());
    assertEquals(3, function.apply("Three").intValue());
    assertNull(function.apply("Null"));

      .assertRequestHeader("Accept-Language", "en-US")
      .assertRequestHeader("Accept-Charset", "UTF-8")
      .assertRequestHeader("If-None-Match") // No If-None-Match on the user's request.
      .assertSentRequestAtMillis(request2SentAt, request2ReceivedAt)
      .assertReceivedResponseAtMillis(request2SentAt, request2ReceivedAt)

## Необов'язкові параметри

Аналогічно, Ви можете оголосити необов’язкові query параметри, встановивши для них значення за замовчуванням `None`:

{* ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002_py310.py hl[7] *}

У цьому випадку параметр функції `q` буде необов’язковим і за замовчуванням матиме значення `None`.

/// check | Примітка

## Необязательные параметры

Аналогично, вы можете объявлять необязательные query-параметры, установив их значение по умолчанию, равное `None`:

{* ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002_py310.py hl[7] *}

В этом случае, параметр  `q` будет не обязательным и будет иметь значение `None` по умолчанию.

/// check | Важно

<img src="/img/tutorial/response-model/image02.png">

## 응답 모델 인코딩 매개변수

응답 모델은 아래와 같이 기본값을 가질 수 있습니다:

{* ../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004.py hl[11,13:14] *}

* `description: Optional[str] = None`은 기본값으로 `None`을 갖습니다.
* `tax: float = 10.5`는 기본값으로 `10.5`를 갖습니다.
* `tags: List[str] = []` 빈 리스트의 기본값으로: `[]`.

그러나 실제로 저장되지 않았을 경우 결과에서 값을 생략하고 싶을 수 있습니다.