}
        }
    }

    /**
     * Closes the underlying CrawlerClient and releases any resources associated with it.
     *
     * @throws Exception if an error occurs during the close operation
     */
    @Override
    public void close() throws Exception {
        client.close();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the underlying CrawlerClient.
     * @return The CrawlerClient instance.

  private final Map<K, V> backingMap;

  /*
   * Per JDK: "the behavior of a map entry is undefined if the backing map has been modified after
   * the entry was returned by the iterator, except through the setValue operation on the map entry"
   * As such, this field must be cleared before every map mutation.
   *
   * Note about volatile: volatile doesn't make it safe to read from a mutable graph in one thread

/**
 * Helper class for indexing operations in the Fess search engine.
 * This class provides functionality for sending documents to the search engine,
 * managing document lifecycle operations (create, update, delete), and handling
 * thumbnail processing during indexing.
 *
 * <p>The IndexingHelper manages bulk operations, handles retries on failures,
 * and provides various query-based operations for document management.

// Verify if the request has AWS Streaming Signature Version '4'. This is only valid for 'PUT' operation.
func isRequestSignStreamingV4(r *http.Request) bool {
	return r.Header.Get(xhttp.AmzContentSha256) == streamingContentSHA256 &&
		r.Method == http.MethodPut
}

// Verify if the request has AWS Streaming Signature Version '4'. This is only valid for 'PUT' operation.
func isRequestSignStreamingTrailerV4(r *http.Request) bool {

# 응답을 직접 반환하기

**FastAPI**에서 *경로 작업(path operation)*을 생성할 때, 일반적으로 `dict`, `list`, Pydantic 모델, 데이터베이스 모델 등의 데이터를 반환할 수 있습니다.

기본적으로 **FastAPI**는 [JSON 호환 가능 인코더](../tutorial/encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank}에 설명된 `jsonable_encoder`를 사용해 해당 반환 값을 자동으로 `JSON`으로 변환합니다.

그런 다음, JSON 호환 데이터(예: `dict`)를 `JSONResponse`에 넣어 사용자의 응답을 전송하는 방식으로 처리됩니다.

그러나 *경로 작업*에서 `JSONResponse`를 직접 반환할 수도 있습니다.

예를 들어, 사용자 정의 헤더나 쿠키를 반환해야 하는 경우에 유용할 수 있습니다.

   *
   * <p><b>Performance note:</b> This method will sometimes recognize that the actual copy operation
   * is unnecessary; for example, {@code copyOf(copyOf(anArrayList))} will copy the data only once.
   * This reduces the expense of habitually making defensive copies at API boundaries. However, the
   * precise conditions for skipping the copy operation are undefined.
   *
   * @throws NullPointerException if any of {@code elements} is null

					}
					if len(f.ops) > 0 {
						t.Errorf("test %d, expected %d more operations", i, len(f.ops))
					}
				case testClose:
					err := tw.Close()
					if !equalError(err, tf.wantErr) {
						t.Fatalf("test %d, Close() = %v, want %v", i, err, tf.wantErr)
					}
				default:
					t.Fatalf("test %d, unknown test operation: %T", i, tf)
				}
			}

			if v.file != "" {

/// tip | Подсказка

Обратите внимание, что также, как и в случае с зависимостями в декораторах *эндпоинтов* ([dependencies in *path operation decorators*](dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md){.internal-link target=_blank}), никакого значения в *функцию эндпоинта* передано не будет.

///

В результате мы получим следующие эндпоинты:

* `/items/`

                        innerCount++;
                    }
                }
                assertEquals(0, innerCount, "Inner iteration should not execute");
            }
            assertEquals(0, outerCount, "Outer iteration should not execute");
        }, "EmptyIterator should work correctly in nested iteration");
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("EmptyIterator should follow Iterator contract for empty collections")

`BackgroundTasks` の使用は依存性注入システムでも機能し、様々な階層 (*path operations 関数*、依存性 (依存可能性)、サブ依存性など) で `BackgroundTasks` 型のパラメーターを宣言できます。

**FastAPI** は、それぞれの場合の処理​​方法と同じオブジェクトの再利用方法を知っているため、すべてのバックグラウンドタスクがマージされ、バックグラウンドで後で実行されます。

{* ../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002.py hl[13,15,22,25] *}

この例では、レスポンスが送信された *後* にメッセージが `log.txt` ファイルに書き込まれます。

リクエストにクエリがあった場合、バックグラウンドタスクでログに書き込まれます。