## 直接返回 `Response`

你也可以在直接返回`Response`时添加头部。

按照[直接返回响应](response-directly.md){.internal-link target=_blank}中所述创建响应，并将头部作为附加参数传递：

{* ../../docs_src/response_headers/tutorial001.py hl[10:12] *}


/// note | 技术细节

你也可以使用`from starlette.responses import Response`或`from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`。

**FastAPI**提供了与`fastapi.responses`相同的`starlette.responses`，只是为了方便开发者。但是，大多数可用的响应都直接来自Starlette。

# 查询参数模型

如果你有一组具有相关性的**查询参数**，你可以创建一个 **Pydantic 模型**来声明它们。

这将允许你在**多个地方**去**复用模型**，并且一次性为所有参数声明验证和元数据。😎

/// note

FastAPI 从 `0.115.0` 版本开始支持这个特性。🤓

///

## 使用 Pydantic 模型的查询参数

在一个 **Pydantic 模型**中声明你需要的**查询参数**，然后将参数声明为 `Query`：

{* ../../docs_src/query_param_models/tutorial001_an_py310.py hl[9:13,17] *}

**FastAPI** 将会从请求的**查询参数**中**提取**出**每个字段**的数据，并将其提供给你定义的 Pydantic 模型。

## 查看文档

# This generates a pure python wheel of the format "*-py3-none-any.whl"
bazel run --HERMETIC_PYTHON_VERSION=3.13 //tensorflow/tools/pip_package:setup_py_binary -- bdist_wheel --dist-dir "$TFCI_OUTPUT_DIR"

# Get the name of the pure python wheel that was built. This should
# resolve to either
# 1. tensorflow-a.b.c-py3-none-any.whl  or, for nightly builds,
# 2. tf_nightly-a.b.c.devYYYYMMDD-py3-none-any.whl

<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>:     Waiting for application startup.
<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>:     Application startup complete.
```

</div>

/// note | 備考

`uvicorn main:app`は以下を示します:

* `main`: `main.py`ファイル (Python "module")。
* `app`:  `main.py`内部で作られるobject（`app = FastAPI()`のように記述される）。
* `--reload`: コードの変更時にサーバーを再起動させる。開発用。

///

出力には次のような行があります:

 * of {@link java.util.Formatter} specifiers. However, note that if the number of arguments does not
 * match the number of occurrences of {@code "%s"} in the format string, {@code Verify} will still
 * behave as expected, and will still include all argument values in the error message; the message
 * will simply not be formatted exactly as intended.
 *

import org.apache.maven.project.MavenProject;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

/**
 * <p>
 * Logs debug output from the various lifecycle phases.
 * </p>
 * <strong>NOTE:</strong> This class is not part of any public api and can be changed or deleted without prior notice.
 *
 * @since 3.0
 */
@Named
@Singleton
public class LifecycleDebugLogger {

```

Mas se o cliente faz uma requisição para `http://example.com/items/bar` (ou seja, um não existente `item_id "bar"`), esse cliente receberá um HTTP status code 404 (o erro "não encontrado" — *not found error*), e uma resposta JSON:

```JSON
{
  "detail": "Item not found"
}
```

/// tip | Dica

Quando você lançar um `HTTPException`, você pode passar qualquer valor convertível em JSON como parâmetro de `detail`, e não apenas `str`.

0.0.0.0/0 path: / hosts: - chart-example.local tls: [] # - secretName: chart-example-tls # hosts: # - chart-example.local ## Node labels for pod assignment ## Ref: https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/node-selection/ ## nodeSelector: {} tolerations: [] affinity: {} ## Add stateful containers to have security context, if enabled MinIO will run as this ## user and group NOTE: securityContext is only enabled if persistence.enabled=true securityContext: enabled: true runAsUser: 1000 runAsGroup: 1000...

0.0.0.0/0 path: / hosts: - chart-example.local tls: [] # - secretName: chart-example-tls # hosts: # - chart-example.local ## Node labels for pod assignment ## Ref: https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/node-selection/ ## nodeSelector: {} tolerations: [] affinity: {} ## Add stateful containers to have security context, if enabled MinIO will run as this ## user and group NOTE: securityContext is only enabled if persistence.enabled=true securityContext: enabled: true runAsUser: 1000 runAsGroup: 1000...

0.0.0.0/0 path: / hosts: - chart-example.local tls: [] # - secretName: chart-example-tls # hosts: # - chart-example.local ## Node labels for pod assignment ## Ref: https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/node-selection/ ## nodeSelector: {} tolerations: [] affinity: {} ## Add stateful containers to have security context, if enabled MinIO will run as this ## user and group NOTE: securityContext is only enabled if persistence.enabled=true securityContext: enabled: true runAsUser: 1000 runAsGroup: 1000...