* sum that is used for purposes such as collecting statistics, not for fine-grained synchronization
 * control. Under low update contention, the two classes have similar characteristics. But under
 * high contention, expected throughput of this class is significantly higher, at the expense of
 * higher space consumption.
 *

  }

  /**
   * Override to return a chaining listenableFuture that returns the result of getSuccessfulResult()
   * when inputFuture returns VALID_INPUT_DATA, and sets the exception to EXCEPTION in all other
   * cases.
   */
  protected abstract ListenableFuture<T> buildChainingFuture(ListenableFuture<Integer> inputFuture);

  /**
   * Override to return the result when VALID_INPUT_DATA is passed in to the chaining
   * listenableFuture

For example, you cannot put a Pydantic model in a `JSONResponse` without first converting it to a `dict` with all the data types (like `datetime`, `UUID`, etc) converted to JSON-compatible types.

For those cases, you can use the `jsonable_encoder` to convert your data before passing it to a response:

```Python hl_lines="6-7  21-22"
{!../../docs_src/response_directly/tutorial001.py!}
```

/// note | "Technical Details"

```

/// tip

Here we use <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/time.html#time.perf_counter" class="external-link" target="_blank">`time.perf_counter()`</a> instead of `time.time()` because it can be more precise for these use cases. 🤓

///

## Other middlewares

You can later read more about other middlewares in the [Advanced User Guide: Advanced Middleware](../advanced/middleware.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

type FileHeader struct {
	// Name is the name of the file.
	//
	// It must be a relative path, not start with a drive letter (such as "C:"),
	// and must use forward slashes instead of back slashes. A trailing slash
	// indicates that this file is a directory and should have no data.
	Name string

	// Comment is any arbitrary user-defined string shorter than 64KiB.
	Comment string

// explicitly by running a TPUReplicatedOutput operation on the parallel device.
//
// TODO(allenl): There are some use-cases that are only supported by copying to
// host at the moment (e.g. debug print on a tensor, .numpy(), etc.). We either
// need to return something here or address these use-cases one by one.
TFE_TensorHandle* CopyTensorFromParallelDevice(TFE_Context* context,

	objectInputs := []ObjectInput{
		// // cases 0-3: small single part objects
		{"nothing", []int64{0}, make(map[string]string)},
		{"small-0", []int64{11}, make(map[string]string)},
		{"small-1", []int64{509}, make(map[string]string)},
		{"small-2", []int64{5 * oneMiB}, make(map[string]string)},
		// // // cases 4-7: multipart part objects
		{"mp-0", []int64{5 * oneMiB, 10}, make(map[string]string)},

      helper = new SynchronizedAtomicHelper();
    }
    ATOMIC_HELPER = helper;
    // Log after all static init is finished; if an installed logger uses any Futures methods, it
    // shouldn't break in cases where reflection is missing/broken.
    if (thrownReflectionFailure != null) {
      log.get().log(Level.SEVERE, "SafeAtomicHelper is broken!", thrownReflectionFailure);
    }
  }

                  ListFeature.SUPPORTS_SET)
              .createTestSuite());
    }
    return suite;
  }

  // Test generators.  To let the GWT test suite generator access them, they need to be
  // public named classes with a public default constructor.

  public static final class BytesAsListGenerator extends TestByteListGenerator {
    @Override
    protected List<Byte> create(Byte[] elements) {
      return asList(elements);
    }

                  ListFeature.SUPPORTS_SET)
              .createTestSuite());
    }
    return suite;
  }

  // Test generators.  To let the GWT test suite generator access them, they need to be
  // public named classes with a public default constructor.

  public static final class LongsAsListGenerator extends TestLongListGenerator {
    @Override
    protected List<Long> create(Long[] elements) {
      return asList(elements);
    }