/**
     * Encode the input parameters for this DCERPC message.
     * @param buf the buffer to encode into
     * @throws NdrException if encoding fails
     */
    public abstract void encode_in(NdrBuffer buf) throws NdrException;

    /**
     * Decode the output parameters from this DCERPC message.
     * @param buf the buffer to decode from
     * @throws NdrException if decoding fails
     */

        for (PrimitiveSink sink : sinks) {
          ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(value);
          Java8Compatibility.position(buffer, pos);
          Java8Compatibility.limit(buffer, limit);
          sink.putBytes(buffer);
          assertEquals(limit, buffer.limit());
          assertEquals(limit, buffer.position());
        }
      }
    },
    PUT_STRING() {
      @Override

Specifically, to see Uvicorn, Starlette and FastAPI compared together (among many other tools).

The simpler the problem solved by the tool, the better performance it will get. And most of the benchmarks don't test the additional features provided by the tool.

The hierarchy is like:

* **Uvicorn**: an ASGI server
    * **Starlette**: (uses Uvicorn) a web microframework

import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;

/**
 * Utility class for being able to seed a {@link Random} value with a passed in seed from a
 * benchmark parameter.
 *
 * <p>TODO: Remove this class once Caliper has a better way.
 *
 * @author Nicholaus Shupe
 */
@NullUnmarked
public final class SpecialRandom extends Random {
  public static SpecialRandom valueOf(String s) {

        byte[] buffer = new byte[10];
        int result = sdd.readParameterWordsWireFormat(buffer, 0);
        assertEquals(0, result);
    }

    /**
     * Test readBytesWireFormat.
     */
    @Test
    void testReadBytesWireFormat() {
        SmbComDeleteDirectory sdd = new SmbComDeleteDirectory("testDir");
        byte[] buffer = new byte[10];

        this.creationTime = SMBUtil.readTime(buffer, bufferIndex);
        bufferIndex += 8;
        this.lastAccessTime = SMBUtil.readTime(buffer, bufferIndex);
        bufferIndex += 8;
        this.lastWriteTime = SMBUtil.readTime(buffer, bufferIndex);
        bufferIndex += 8;
        this.changeTime = SMBUtil.readTime(buffer, bufferIndex);
        bufferIndex += 8;

 *
 * <p>The {@link #count} and {@link #size} implementations all iterate across the set returned by
 * {@link Multiset#entrySet()}, as do many methods acting on the set returned by {@link
 * #elementSet()}. Override those methods for better performance.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */
@GwtCompatible
abstract class AbstractSortedMultiset<E extends @Nullable Object> extends AbstractMultiset<E>
    implements SortedMultiset<E> {

        this.currentLeaseState = SMBUtil.readInt4(buffer, bufferIndex);
        bufferIndex += 4;

        // NewLeaseState (4 bytes)
        this.newLeaseState = SMBUtil.readInt4(buffer, bufferIndex);
        bufferIndex += 4;

        // BreakReason (4 bytes)
        this.breakReason = SMBUtil.readInt4(buffer, bufferIndex);
        bufferIndex += 4;

        // AccessMaskHint (4 bytes)

        return dstIndex - start;
    }

    @Override
    int readParameterWordsWireFormat(final byte[] buffer, final int bufferIndex) {
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    int readBytesWireFormat(final byte[] buffer, final int bufferIndex) {
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {

        return inputStream.read(b, off, len);
    }

    /**
     * Reads some number of bytes from the input stream and stores them into the buffer array b.
     *
     * @param b the buffer into which the data is read
     * @return the total number of bytes read into the buffer, or -1 if there is no more data
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
     */
    @Override