* detailed at {@link ImmutableCollection}.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 * @since 14.0
 */
@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes") // https://github.com/google/guava/issues/989
@GwtIncompatible
public final class ImmutableRangeSet<C extends Comparable> extends AbstractRangeSet<C>
    implements Serializable {

  private static final ImmutableRangeSet<Comparable<?>> EMPTY =
      new ImmutableRangeSet<>(ImmutableList.of());

# Test Client - `TestClient`

You can use the `TestClient` class to test FastAPI applications without creating an actual HTTP and socket connection, just communicating directly with the FastAPI code.

Read more about it in the [FastAPI docs for Testing](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/testing/).

You can import it directly from `fastapi.testclient`:

```python
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
```

from dataclasses import dataclass, field

from fastapi import FastAPI


@dataclass
class Item:
    name: str
    price: float
    tags: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
    description: str | None = None
    tax: float | None = None


app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/next", response_model=Item)
async def read_next_item():
    return {
        "name": "Island In The Moon",
        "price": 12.99,

from __future__ import annotations

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Request
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from .utils import needs_py310


class Dep:
    def __call__(self, request: Request):
        return "test"


@needs_py310
def test_stringified_annotations():
    app = FastAPI()

    client = TestClient(app)

    @app.get("/test/")

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None

    model_config = {
        "json_schema_extra": {
            "examples": [
                {
                    "name": "Foo",
                    "description": "A very nice Item",

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None
    tags: list[str] = []


@app.post("/items/")
async def create_item(item: Item) -> Item:
    return item


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items() -> list[Item]:

              <exclude>/module-info.class</exclude>
              <!-- Avoid duplicating compiled classes within the `META-INF/versions/9/` root. -->
              <exclude>META-INF/versions/9/com/**/*.class</exclude>
            </excludes>
            <archive>
              <manifestEntries>

              <exclude>/module-info.class</exclude>
              <!-- Avoid duplicating compiled classes within the `META-INF/versions/9/` root. -->
              <exclude>META-INF/versions/9/com/**/*.class</exclude>
            </excludes>
            <archive>
              <manifestEntries>

import org.lastaflute.web.validation.Required;

/**
 * The download form for Kuromoji dictionary.
 * This form is used for downloading Kuromoji dictionary files from the admin interface.
 *
 */
public class DownloadForm {

    /**
     * Dictionary ID for identifying the Kuromoji dictionary to download.
     */
    @Required
    public String dictId;

    /**
     * Default constructor.
     */

import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
import okhttp3.Request;
import okhttp3.logging.HttpLoggingInterceptor;
import okhttp3.logging.LoggingEventListener;

/**
 * Just checking compilation works
 */
public class OkHttpCaller {
  public static Call callOkHttp(HttpUrl url) {
    OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient
      .Builder()
      .eventListenerFactory(new LoggingEventListener.Factory(HttpLoggingInterceptor.Logger.DEFAULT))