app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):

				t.Errorf("#%d: %q: expected error %q; got none", i, test.input, test.error)
			}
			continue
		}
		if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), test.error) {
			t.Errorf("#%d: expected error %q; got %q", i, test.error, err)
			continue
		}
	}
}

func runBadTest(i int, test badExprTest, t *testing.T) (err error) {
	p := NewParser(nil, nil, nil) // Expression evaluation uses none of these fields of the parser.

     */
    String getSource();

    /**
     * Gets the one-based index of the line containing the problem. The line number should refer to some text file that
     * is given by {@link #getSource()}.
     *
     * @return The one-based index of the line containing the problem or a non-positive value if unknown.
     */
    int getLineNumber();

    /**

`Optional[Something]` насправді є скороченням для `Union[Something, None]`, вони еквівалентні.

Це також означає, що в Python 3.10 ви можете використовувати `Something | None`:

//// tab | Python 3.8 і вище

```Python hl_lines="1  4"
{!> ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009.py!}
```

Deleting the cache when it is no longer needed can be done.  However this may delete the purpose of the cache
which is designed to persist between app restarts.

```kotlin
cache.delete()
```
 
## Pruning the Cache

Pruning the entire Cache to clear space temporarily can be done using evictAll.

```kotlin
cache.evictAll()
```

Removing individual items can be done using the urls iterator.

		aws --endpoint-url http://localhost:"$start_port" s3api upload-part \
			--upload-id "$uploadId" --bucket bucket --key obj-1 \
			--part-number "$i" --body ./file-5mib
	done
	for i in {1..6}; do
		find ${WORK_DIR}/disk${i}/.minio.sys/multipart/ -type f -name "part.1" -delete
	done
	cat <<EOF >parts.json
{
    "Parts": [
        {
            "PartNumber": 1,
            "ETag": "5f363e0e58a95f06cbe9bbc662c5dfb6"
        },

`Optional[Something]` là một cách viết ngắn gọn của `Union[Something, None]`, chúng là tương đương nhau.

Điều này cũng có nghĩa là trong Python 3.10, bạn có thể sử dụng `Something | None`:

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="1"
{!> ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009_py310.py!}
```

    //     fgh[b]c|[a]de -> fgh[a]c|[b]de. Finally we need to swap [c] with [b]:
    //     fgha[c]|[b]de -> fgha[b]|[c]de. Because these two blocks are the same size, we are done.
    // The Dolphin algorithm is attractive because it does the fewest array reads and writes: each
    // array slot is read and written exactly once. However, it can have very poor memory locality:

## Optionale Parameter

Auf die gleiche Weise können Sie optionale Query-Parameter deklarieren, indem Sie deren Defaultwert auf `None` setzen:

{* ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002_py310.py hl[7] *}

In diesem Fall wird der Funktionsparameter `q` optional, und standardmäßig `None` sein.

/// check

	docker-compose -f docker-compose-site1.yaml rm -s -f || true
	docker-compose -f docker-compose-site2.yaml rm -s -f || true
	for volume in $(docker volume ls -q | grep minio); do
		docker volume rm ${volume} || true
	done

	docker system prune -f || true
	docker volume prune -f || true
	docker volume rm $(docker volume ls -q -f dangling=true) || true
}

cleanup

if [ ! -f ./mc ]; then