## Special types and validation

Apart from normal singular types like `str`, `int`, `float`, etc. you can use more complex singular types that inherit from `str`.

To see all the options you have, checkout <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/types/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic's Type Overview</a>. You will see some examples in the next chapter.

          assertEquals(expected, actual);
        }
      }
    }
  }

  @GwtIncompatible // java.math.BigInteger
  public void testIsPowerOfTwo() {
    for (int x : ALL_INTEGER_CANDIDATES) {
      // Checks for a single bit set.
      BigInteger bigX = BigInteger.valueOf(x);
      boolean expected = (bigX.signum() > 0) && (bigX.bitCount() == 1);
      assertEquals(expected, IntMath.isPowerOfTwo(x));
    }
  }

import java.util.Set;
import java.util.SortedMap;
import java.util.TreeMap;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;

/**
 * A wrapper around {@code TreeMap} that aggressively checks to see if keys are mutually comparable.
 * This implementation passes the navigable map test suites.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */
@GwtIncompatible

     * 
     * @return descriptive text for the ACE scope
     */
    String getApplyToText ();


    /**
     * Returns the flags for this ACE. The <tt>isInherited()</tt>
     * method checks the <tt>FLAGS_INHERITED</tt> bit in these flags.
     * 
     * @return the ACE flags
     */
    int getFlags ();


    /**

		{[]error{}, []error{}, errErasureReadQuorum},
		{
			[]error{
				errFileNotFound, errFileNotFound, errFileNotFound,
				errFileNotFound, errFileNotFound, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil,
			},
			nil, nil,
		},
		// Checks if wrapped context cancellation errors are grouped as one.
		{canceledErrs, nil, context.Canceled},
	}
	// Validates list of all the testcases for returning valid errors.
	for i, testCase := range testCases {

// It does not matter whether sp represents data fragments or hole fragments.
func validateSparseEntries(sp []sparseEntry, size int64) bool {
	// Validate all sparse entries. These are the same checks as performed by
	// the BSD tar utility.
	if size < 0 {
		return false
	}
	var pre sparseEntry
	for _, cur := range sp {
		switch {
		case cur.Offset < 0 || cur.Length < 0:

## Version 1.5.3

_2014-03-29_

 * Fix bug where the Content-Length header was not always dropped when
   following a redirect from a POST to a GET.
 * Implement basic support for `Thread.interrupt()`. OkHttp now checks
   for an interruption before doing a blocking call. If it is interrupted,
   it throws an `InterruptedIOException`.

## Version 1.5.2

_2014-03-17_

package main

import (
	"flag"
	"fmt"
	"go/build"
	"internal/testenv"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"sort"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"testing"
)

var flagCheck = flag.Bool("check", false, "run API checks")

func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
	flag.Parse()
	for _, c := range contexts {
		c.Compiler = build.Default.Compiler
	}
	build.Default.GOROOT = testenv.GOROOT(nil)

	os.Exit(m.Run())
}

var (

     * bytecode rewriting that checks for any null value that passes through an API with a
     * known-non-null type? But that particular problem might not arise here, since we're not
     * actually reading from the fields in any case in which they might be null (as proven by the
     * requireNonNull checks below). Plus, we're *already* lying here, since newHeader passes a null

Check this function, it already has type hints:

{* ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial003.py hl[1] *}

Because the editor knows the types of the variables, you don't only get completion, you also get error checks:

<img src="/img/python-types/image04.png">

Now you know that you have to fix it, convert `age` to a string with `str(age)`:

{* ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial004.py hl[2] *}

## Declaring types