{* ../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial002_py310.py hl[7,9] *}

/// info | Informação

Para usar `EmailStr`, primeiro instale <a href="https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator" class="external-link" target="_blank">`email-validator`</a>.

Certifique-se de criar um [ambiente virtual](../virtual-environments.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, ative-o e instale-o, por exemplo:

```console

But when you declare them with Python types (in the example above, as `int`), they are converted to that type and validated against it.

All the same process that applied for path parameters also applies for query parameters:

* Editor support (obviously)
* Data <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>
* Data validation
* Automatic documentation

///

O parâmetro `status_code` recebe um número com o código de status HTTP.

/// info | Informação

`status_code` também pode receber um `IntEnum`, como o do Python <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/http.html#http.HTTPStatus" class="external-link" target="_blank">`http.HTTPStatus`</a>.

///

Dessa forma:

* Este código de status será retornado na resposta.

# This script must be executed from the branch associated with the PR to issue the command on.
#

PR_NUMBER=$(hub pr show -f '%I')

TFCI_MACOS_BAZEL_TEST_DIR_ENABLE=1
TFCI_MACOS_BAZEL_TEST_DIR_PATH="/Volumes/BuildData/bazel_output"
TFCI_OUTPUT_DIR=build_output
TFCI_WHL_BAZEL_TEST_ENABLE=1
TFCI_WHL_SIZE_LIMIT=245M
TFCI_WHL_SIZE_LIMIT_ENABLE=1

# 3.11 is the system python on our images
case $TFCI_PYTHON_VERSION in
3.11)
  TFCI_MACOS_PYENV_INSTALL_ENABLE=0
  ;;
3.13)
  TFCI_MACOS_UPGRADE_PYENV_ENABLE=1
  TFCI_MACOS_PYENV_INSTALL_ENABLE=1
  ;;
*)

* 나중에 재사용할 수 있는 `templates` 객체를 생성합니다.
* 템플릿을 반환할 경로 작업에 `Request` 매개변수를 선언합니다.
* 생성한 `templates`를 사용하여 `TemplateResponse`를 렌더링하고 반환합니다. 템플릿의 이름, 요청 객체 및 Jinja2 템플릿 내에서 사용될 키-값 쌍이 포함된 "컨텍스트" 딕셔너리도 전달합니다.


```Python hl_lines="4  11  15-18"
{!../../docs_src/templates/tutorial001.py!}
```

/// note | 참고

FastAPI 0.108.0 이전과 Starlette 0.29.0에서는 `name`이 첫 번째 매개변수였습니다.

또한 이전 버전에서는 `request` 객체가 Jinja2의 컨텍스트에서 키-값 쌍의 일부로 전달되었습니다.

{* ../../docs_src/middleware/tutorial001_py39.py hl[10,12:13] *}

/// tip

Here we use <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/time.html#time.perf_counter" class="external-link" target="_blank">`time.perf_counter()`</a> instead of `time.time()` because it can be more precise for these use cases. 🤓

///

No geral, os middlewares ASGI são classes que esperam receber um aplicativo ASGI como o primeiro argumento.

Então, na documentação de middlewares ASGI de terceiros, eles provavelmente dirão para você fazer algo como:

```Python
from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware

app = SomeASGIApp()

new_app = UnicornMiddleware(app, some_config="rainbow")
```

总之，ASGI 中间件是类，并把 ASGI 应用作为第一个参数。

因此，有些第三方 ASGI 中间件的文档推荐以如下方式使用中间件：

```Python
from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware

app = SomeASGIApp()

new_app = UnicornMiddleware(app, some_config="rainbow")
```

但 FastAPI（实际上是 Starlette）提供了一种更简单的方式，能让内部中间件在处理服务器错误的同时，还能让自定义异常处理器正常运作。

为此，要使用 `app.add_middleware()` （与 CORS 中的示例一样）。

```Python
from fastapi import FastAPI
from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware

### Вызовите `HTTPException` в своем коде { #raise-an-httpexception-in-your-code }

`HTTPException` - это обычное исключение Python с дополнительными данными, актуальными для API.

Поскольку это исключение Python, то его не `возвращают`, а `вызывают`.