// Test with negative byte values
        byte[] data2 = { (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFE, (byte) 0x80, 0x7F };
        assertEquals("FF", Hexdump.toHexString(data2, 0, 2)); // 2 chars = 1 byte
        assertEquals("FFF", Hexdump.toHexString(data2, 0, 3)); // 3 chars = 1.5 bytes (rounds up to 2)
        assertEquals("FFFE", Hexdump.toHexString(data2, 0, 4)); // 4 chars = 2 bytes

        maxDataCount = 0;
        maxSetupCount = (byte) 0x00;
        setupCount = 2;
    }

    @Override
    int writeSetupWireFormat(final byte[] dst, int dstIndex) {
        dst[dstIndex] = subCommand;
        dstIndex++;
        dst[dstIndex++] = (byte) 0x00;
        dst[dstIndex++] = (byte) 0x00; // no FID
        dst[dstIndex++] = (byte) 0x00;
        return 4;
    }

    @Override

        index += SmbConstants.SIGNATURE_OFFSET;
        final byte[] sequence = new byte[8];
        SMBUtil.writeInt4(msg.getSignSeq(), sequence, 0);
        update(sequence, 0, sequence.length);
        index += 8;
        if (msg.getCommand() == ServerMessageBlock.SMB_COM_READ_ANDX) {
            /*
             * SmbComReadAndXResponse reads directly from the stream into separate byte[] b.
             */

                    new byte[] { (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF,
                            (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF },
                    originalFileId, "Original FileId array should remain all 0xFF");
        }
    }

    @Nested
    @DisplayName("Constant Relationships")

    /**
     * Decode message data from the given byte array
     *
     * @param buffer the byte array containing the message data
     * @param bufferIndex the starting index in the buffer
     * @return message length
     * @throws SMBProtocolDecodingException if decoding fails
     */
    int decode(byte[] buffer, int bufferIndex) throws SMBProtocolDecodingException;

    /**

     */
    @Test
    public void testWriteParameterWordsWireFormat() {
        // Given
        int fid = 456;
        long lastWriteTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        SmbComClose smbComClose = new SmbComClose(config, fid, lastWriteTime);
        byte[] dst = new byte[6];

        // When

                hashAlgos[i] = i;
            }
            byte[] salt = new byte[256];
            new Random(123).nextBytes(salt);

            PreauthIntegrityNegotiateContext originalContext = new PreauthIntegrityNegotiateContext(mockConfig, hashAlgos, salt);

            byte[] largeBuffer = new byte[4096];
            int encoded = originalContext.encode(largeBuffer, 0);

        void readDirectZeroLen() throws Exception {
            SmbFileInputStream in = newStream();
            byte[] buf = new byte[4];
            assertEquals(0, in.readDirect(buf, 0, 0));
            assertEquals(0, in.read(new byte[0]));
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("read after close throws 'Bad file descriptor'")
        void readAfterCloseThrows() throws Exception {

        Name name = new Name(mockConfig, "TEST", 0x20, "scope.com");
        byte[] dst = new byte[100];

        int length = name.writeWireFormat(dst, 0);

        // Scope should start at position 33 with a length byte (not '.')
        // The first byte after encoding would be the length of "scope"
        assertEquals(5, dst[33]); // Length of "scope"

    private static final byte[] CONTEXT_NAME_BYTES = CONTEXT_NAME.getBytes();
    private static final int STRUCTURE_SIZE = 16;

    private byte[] fileId; // 16-byte file ID from previous open

    /**
     * Create a new durable handle reconnect context
     * @param fileId the 16-byte file ID from the previous open
     */
    public DurableHandleReconnect(byte[] fileId) {
        if (fileId.length != 16) {