// these dialects do not support the "returning" clause
		return
	default:
		// This user struct will leverage the existing users table, but override
		// the Name field to default to null.
		type user struct {
			gorm.Model
			Name string `gorm:"default:null"`
		}
		u1 := user{}

		if results := DB.Create(&u1); results.Error != nil {
			t.Fatalf("errors happened on create: %v", results.Error)
		} else if results.RowsAffected != 1 {

<img src="/img/python-types/image06.png">

Lưu ý rằng, điều này có nghĩa rằng "`one_person`" là một **thực thể** của lớp `Person`.

Nó không có nghĩa "`one_person`" là một **lớp** gọi là `Person`.

## Pydantic models

<a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic</a> là một thư viện Python để validate dữ liệu hiệu năng cao.

```

////

/// tip

Pydantic, ❔ ⚫️❔ 🏋️ 🌐 💽 🔬 &amp; 🛠️ FastAPI, ✔️ 🎁 🎭 🕐❔ 👆 ⚙️ `Optional` ⚖️ `Union[Something, None]` 🍵 🔢 💲, 👆 💪 ✍ 🌅 🔃 ⚫️ Pydantic 🩺 🔃 <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/models/#required-optional-fields" class="external-link" target="_blank">✔ 📦 🏑</a>.

///

### ⚙️ Pydantic `Required` ↩️ ❕ (`...`)

🚥 👆 💭 😬 ⚙️ `...`, 👆 💪 🗄 &amp; ⚙️ `Required` ⚪️➡️ Pydantic:

module istio.io/istio

go 1.23

// Client-go does not handle different versions of mergo due to some breaking changes - use the matching version
replace github.com/imdario/mergo => github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.5

require (
	cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.5.2
	github.com/AdaLogics/go-fuzz-headers v0.0.0-20240806141605-e8a1dd7889d6
	github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.3.0
	github.com/Masterminds/sprig/v3 v3.3.0

import org.gradle.api.Plugin;
import org.gradle.api.Project;
import org.gradle.api.artifacts.Configuration;
import org.gradle.api.file.ConfigurableFileTree;
import org.gradle.api.file.ProjectLayout;
import org.gradle.api.model.ObjectFactory;
import org.gradle.api.tasks.TaskContainer;
import org.gradle.api.tasks.TaskProvider;
import gradlebuild.docs.dsl.docbook.AssembleDslDocTask;
import gradlebuild.docs.dsl.source.ExtractDslMetaDataTask;

/**

</div>

<details markdown="1">
<summary><code>uvicorn main:app --reload</code> komutuyla ilgili...</summary>

`uvicorn main:app` komutunu şu şekilde açıklayabiliriz:

* `main`: dosya olan `main.py` (yani Python "modülü").
* `app`: ise `main.py` dosyasının içerisinde `app = FastAPI()` satırında oluşturduğumuz `FastAPI` nesnesi.

* مستندسازی خودکار data model با <a href="https://json-schema.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank"><strong>JSON Schema</strong></a> (همانطور که OpenAPI خود نیز مبتنی بر JSON Schema است).

### `RequestValidationError` vs `ValidationError`

/// warning | "警告"

如果您觉得现在还用不到以下技术细节，可以先跳过下面的内容。

///

`RequestValidationError` 是 Pydantic 的 <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/models/#error-handling" class="external-link" target="_blank">`ValidationError`</a> 的子类。

**FastAPI** 调用的就是 `RequestValidationError` 类，因此，如果在 `response_model` 中使用 Pydantic 模型，且数据有错误时，在日志中就会看到这个错误。

    - path: _test\.go$|^tests/|^samples/
      linters:
        - errcheck
        - maligned
    - path: _test\.go$
      text: "dot-imports: should not use dot imports"
    # We need to use the deprecated module since the jsonpb replacement is not backwards compatible.
    - linters:
        - staticcheck
      text: "SA1019: package github.com/golang/protobuf/jsonpb"
    - linters:
        - staticcheck

# Response Status Code

The same way you can specify a response model, you can also declare the HTTP status code used for the response with the parameter `status_code` in any of the *path operations*:

* `@app.get()`
* `@app.post()`
* `@app.put()`
* `@app.delete()`
* etc.

{* ../../docs_src/response_status_code/tutorial001.py hl[6] *}

/// note