import org.junit.Ignore;

/**
 * Testers for {@link SetMultimap#equals(Object)}.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */
@GwtCompatible
@Ignore("test runners must not instantiate and run this directly, only via suites we build")
// @Ignore affects the Android test runner, which respects JUnit 4 annotations on JUnit 3 tests.
@SuppressWarnings("JUnit4ClassUsedInJUnit3")

 * reserialized. (Sets and Lists, but not bare Collections.)
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */
@GwtCompatible
@Ignore("test runners must not instantiate and run this directly, only via suites we build")
// @Ignore affects the Android test runner, which respects JUnit 4 annotations on JUnit 3 tests.
@SuppressWarnings("JUnit4ClassUsedInJUnit3")

import org.junit.Ignore;

/**
 * Testers for {@link ListMultimap#putAll(Object, Iterable)}.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */
@GwtCompatible
@Ignore("test runners must not instantiate and run this directly, only via suites we build")
// @Ignore affects the Android test runner, which respects JUnit 4 annotations on JUnit 3 tests.
@SuppressWarnings("JUnit4ClassUsedInJUnit3")

     *
     * @param key
     *            7 or 8 byte DES key
     * @return DES cipher in encryption mode
     */
    public static Cipher getDES(final byte[] key) {
        if (key.length == 7) {
            return getDES(des7to8(key));
        }

        try {
            final Cipher c = Cipher.getInstance("DES/ECB/NoPadding");

- ACCEPTED on 2025-08-06

## Context

Our codebase uses `null` extensively to represent an absence of value or optionality of the argument.
We utilize nullness annotations in Java code and somewhat rely on IDE warnings to guide us.
However, the Java code we have is not fully annotated, which causes several consequences:
* IDE warnings can be misleading
* Redundant null checks may increase binary size, hurt performance, and increase cognitive load for readers

			CurvePreferences:         crypto.TLSCurveIDs(),
		}
		// This is only to support client side certificate authentication
		// https://coreos.com/etcd/docs/latest/op-guide/security.html
		etcdClientCertFile := env.Get(EnvEtcdClientCert, kvs.Get(ClientCert))
		etcdClientCertKey := env.Get(EnvEtcdClientCertKey, kvs.Get(ClientCertKey))
		if etcdClientCertFile != "" && etcdClientCertKey != "" {

 * {@link Comparable} class specification. Otherwise, the resulting multiset will violate the {@link
 * Collection} contract, which is specified in terms of {@link Object#equals}.
 *
 * <p>See the Guava User Guide article on <a href=
 * "https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/NewCollectionTypesExplained#multiset">{@code Multiset}</a>.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 * @since 11.0
 */
@GwtCompatible

 * {@link Comparable} class specification. Otherwise, the resulting multiset will violate the {@link
 * Collection} contract, which is specified in terms of {@link Object#equals}.
 *
 * <p>See the Guava User Guide article on <a href=
 * "https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/NewCollectionTypesExplained#multiset">{@code Multiset}</a>.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 * @since 11.0
 */
@GwtCompatible

 * instance for values-to-keys. Null keys are not permitted, but null values are. An {@code
 * EnumHashBiMap} and its inverse are both serializable.
 *
 * <p>See the Guava User Guide article on <a href=
 * "https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/NewCollectionTypesExplained#bimap">{@code BiMap}</a>.
 *
 * @author Mike Bostock
 * @since 2.0
 */
@GwtCompatible
@J2ktIncompatible

Et de nombreuses équipes n’utilisent que `PUT`, même pour les mises à jour partielles.

Vous êtes libre de les utiliser comme vous le souhaitez, **FastAPI** n’impose aucune restriction.

Mais ce guide vous montre, plus ou moins, la façon dont ils sont censés être utilisés.

///

### Utiliser le paramètre `exclude_unset` de Pydantic { #using-pydantics-exclude-unset-parameter }