## Other middlewares { #other-middlewares }

There are many other ASGI middlewares.

For example:

* <a href="https://github.com/encode/uvicorn/blob/master/uvicorn/middleware/proxy_headers.py" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn's `ProxyHeadersMiddleware`</a>

    void testWriteUShortNegative() {
        byte[] dest = new byte[2];
        NtlmMessage.writeUShort(dest, 0, -2);
        assertArrayEquals(new byte[] { -2, -1 }, dest, "Negative short should be encoded unsigned");
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("writeSecurityBuffer writes zero length buffer unchanged")
    void testWriteSecurityBufferZeroLength() {
        byte[] dest = new byte[10];

            for (final Map.Entry<String, String> entry : paramMap.entrySet()) {
                queryBuf.append('&');
                queryBuf.append(URLUtil.encode(entry.getValue(), Constants.UTF_8));
                queryBuf.append('=');
                queryBuf.append(URLUtil.encode(entry.getKey(), Constants.UTF_8));
                formBuf.append("<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"");

	// Total object size.
	Size int64

	// Actual size is the real size of the object uploaded by client.
	ActualSize *int64

	// IsDir indicates if the object is prefix.
	IsDir bool

	// Hex encoded unique entity tag of the object.
	ETag string

	// Version ID of this object.
	VersionID string

	// IsLatest indicates if this is the latest current version

 * ⬜️ [Okio](https://github.com/square/okio/): A modern I/O API for Java.
 * [OkLog](https://github.com/simonpercic/OkLog): Response logging interceptor for OkHttp. Logs a URL link with URL-encoded response for every OkHttp call.
 * [Okurl](https://github.com/yschimke/okurl/wiki) A curl-like client for social networks and other APIs.

   */
  private fun String.asciiToLowercase(): String =
    when {
      isAscii() -> lowercase(Locale.US) // This is an ASCII string.
      else -> this
    }

  /** Returns true if the [String] is ASCII encoded (0-127). */
  private fun String.isAscii() = length == utf8Size().toInt()

  /**
   * Returns true if [hostname] matches the domain name [pattern].
   *
   * @param hostname lower-case host name.

				cr.err = err
				return n, cr.err
			}
			break
		}

		// Manually deserialize the size since AWS specified
		// the chunk size to be of variable width. In particular,
		// a size of 16 is encoded as `10` while a size of 64 KB
		// is `10000`.
		switch {
		case b >= '0' && b <= '9':
			size = size<<4 | int(b-'0')
		case b >= 'a' && b <= 'f':
			size = size<<4 | int(b-('a'-10))

     * all but the first smb of the chaain do not have a header
     * and therefore we do not want to writeHeaderWireFormat. We
     * just recursivly call writeAndXWireFormat.
     */

    @Override
    public int encode(final byte[] dst, int dstIndex) {
        final int start = this.headerStart = dstIndex;

        dstIndex += writeHeaderWireFormat(dst, dstIndex);
        dstIndex += writeAndXWireFormat(dst, dstIndex);

      into.putUnencodedChars(from);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
      return "Funnels.unencodedCharsFunnel()";
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns a funnel that encodes the characters of a {@code CharSequence} with the specified
   * {@code Charset}.
   *
   * @since 15.0
   */
  public static Funnel<CharSequence> stringFunnel(Charset charset) {

      into.putUnencodedChars(from);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
      return "Funnels.unencodedCharsFunnel()";
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns a funnel that encodes the characters of a {@code CharSequence} with the specified
   * {@code Charset}.
   *
   * @since 15.0
   */
  public static Funnel<CharSequence> stringFunnel(Charset charset) {