Angenommen, Sie möchten auf die IP-Adresse/den Host des Clients in Ihrer *Pfadoperation-Funktion* zugreifen.

Dazu müssen Sie direkt auf den Request zugreifen.

```Python hl_lines="1  7-8"
{!../../docs_src/using_request_directly/tutorial001.py!}
```

Durch die Deklaration eines *Pfadoperation-Funktionsparameters*, dessen Typ der `Request` ist, weiß **FastAPI**, dass es den `Request` diesem Parameter übergeben soll.

/// tip | "Tipp"

import pytest
from dirty_equals import IsDict
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from docs_src.dependencies.tutorial001 import app

client = TestClient(app)


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "path,expected_status,expected_response",
    [
        ("/items", 200, {"q": None, "skip": 0, "limit": 100}),
        ("/items?q=foo", 200, {"q": "foo", "skip": 0, "limit": 100}),

{!> ../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial001_py310.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+

```Python hl_lines="9  11  16  22  24  29-30  33-35  40-41"
{!> ../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial001.py!}
```

////

### `**user_in.dict()` 简介

#### Pydantic 的 `.dict()`

`user_in` 是类 `UserIn` 的 Pydantic 模型。

Pydantic 模型支持 `.dict()` 方法，能返回包含模型数据的**字典**。

因此，如果使用如下方式创建 Pydantic 对象 `user_in`：

from dirty_equals import IsDict
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from docs_src.dataclasses.tutorial001 import app

client = TestClient(app)


def test_post_item():
    response = client.post("/items/", json={"name": "Foo", "price": 3})
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {
        "name": "Foo",
        "price": 3,
        "description": None,
        "tax": None,
    }

열거형 `ModelName`의 *열거형 멤버*를 비교할 수 있습니다:

```Python hl_lines="17"
{!../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py!}
```

#### *열거형 값* 가져오기

`model_name.value` 또는 일반적으로 `your_enum_member.value`를 이용하여 실제 값(위 예시의 경우 `str`)을 가져올 수 있습니다:

```Python hl_lines="20"
{!../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py!}
```

/// tip | "팁"

`ModelName.lenet.value`로도 값 `"lenet"`에 접근할 수 있습니다.

///

{* ../../docs_src/advanced_middleware/tutorial001.py hl[2,6] *}

## `TrustedHostMiddleware`

Garante que todas as requisições recebidas tenham um cabeçalho `Host` corretamente configurado, a fim de proteger contra ataques de cabeçalho de host HTTP.

{* ../../docs_src/advanced_middleware/tutorial002.py hl[2,6:8] *}

Os seguintes argumentos são suportados:

```Python hl_lines="1  7-12  19-20"
{!../../docs_src/dataclasses/tutorial001.py!}
```

But FastAPI also supports using <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/dataclasses.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">`dataclasses`</a> the same way:

{* ../../docs_src/dataclasses/tutorial001.py hl[1,7:12,19:20] *}

## Use `StaticFiles`

* Importe `StaticFiles`.
* "Monte" uma instância de `StaticFiles()` em um caminho específico.

```Python hl_lines="2  6"
{!../../docs_src/static_files/tutorial001.py!}
```

/// note | "Detalhes técnicos"

Você também pode usar `from starlette.staticfiles import StaticFiles`.

```Python hl_lines="17"
{!../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py!}
```

#### Получение *значения перечисления*

Можно получить фактическое значение (в данном случае - `str`) с помощью `model_name.value` или в общем случае `your_enum_member.value`:

```Python hl_lines="20"
{!../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py!}
```

/// tip | "Подсказка"