checkOpen();
    requireNonNull(seq); // safe because of checkOpen
    return hasRemaining() ? seq.charAt(pos++) : -1;
  }

  @Override
  public synchronized int read(char[] cbuf, int off, int len) throws IOException {
    checkPositionIndexes(off, off + len, cbuf.length);
    checkOpen();
    requireNonNull(seq); // safe because of checkOpen
    if (!hasRemaining()) {
      return -1;

    checkOpen();
    requireNonNull(seq); // safe because of checkOpen
    return hasRemaining() ? seq.charAt(pos++) : -1;
  }

  @Override
  public synchronized int read(char[] cbuf, int off, int len) throws IOException {
    checkPositionIndexes(off, off + len, cbuf.length);
    checkOpen();
    requireNonNull(seq); // safe because of checkOpen
    if (!hasRemaining()) {
      return -1;

			n = 10*n + float64(c-'0')
			d.scratch.add(c)
		}
	}

	// . followed by 1 or more digits
	if c == '.' {
		isFloat = true
		d.scratch.add(c)

		// first char following must be digit
		if c = d.next(); c < '0' || c > '9' {
			return 0, d.mkError(ErrSyntax, "after decimal point in numeric literal")
		}
		d.scratch.add(c)

		for {
			if d.remaining() == 0 {

	//
	// Reference:
	//	https://www.gnu.org/software/tar/manual/html_node/Standard.html
	FormatGNU

	// Schily's tar format, which is incompatible with USTAR.
	// This does not cover STAR extensions to the PAX format; these fall under
	// the PAX format.
	formatSTAR

	formatMax
)

func (f Format) has(f2 Format) bool   { return f&f2 != 0 }
func (f *Format) mayBe(f2 Format)     { *f |= f2 }

    private String unescape(final String s) {
        if (s.indexOf('\\') >= 0) {
            final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
                final char ch = s.charAt(i);
                if (ch == '\\' && i < s.length() - 1) {
                    i++;
                    sb.append(s.charAt(i));
                } else {
                    sb.append(ch);

    private String unescape(final String s) {
        if (s.indexOf('\\') >= 0) {
            final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
                final char ch = s.charAt(i);
                if (ch == '\\' && i < s.length() - 1) {
                    i++;
                    sb.append(s.charAt(i));
                } else {
                    sb.append(ch);

            EndpointPair.unordered(2, 1),
            EndpointPair.unordered(1, 1),
            EndpointPair.unordered(1, 3))
        .inOrder();
  }

  /**
   * Populates the graph with nodes and edges in a star shape with node `1` in the middle.
   *
   * <p>Note that the edges are added in a shuffled order to properly test the effect of the
   * insertion order.
   */
  private void populateTShapedGraph() {

                    + Hexdump.toHexString(this.server.securityMode, 1) + ",security="
                    + ( this.server.security == SmbConstants.SECURITY_SHARE ? "share" : "user" ) + ",encryptedPasswords="
                    + this.server.encryptedPasswords + ",maxMpxCount=" + this.server.smaxMpxCount + ",maxNumberVcs=" + this.server.maxNumberVcs

* `ge`: `g`reater than or `e`qual
* `lt`: `l`ess `t`han
* `le`: `l`ess than or `e`qual

/// info

`Query`, `Path`, and other classes you will see later are subclasses of a common `Param` class.

All of them share the same parameters for additional validation and metadata you have seen.

///

/// note | "Technical Details"

When you import `Query`, `Path` and others from `fastapi`, they are actually functions.

There's a high chance that the logic for your *startup* and *shutdown* is connected, you might want to start something and then finish it, acquire a resource and then release it, etc.

Doing that in separated functions that don't share logic or variables together is more difficult as you would need to store values in global variables or similar tricks.

Because of that, it's now recommended to instead use the `lifespan` as explained above.