for prod and one for tests. However, unlike our other packages, as of this
    writing it has test supersource but no prod supersource.

    GWT happens to use the prod .gwt.xml, so it looks for no supersource for
    tests, either. This causes it to fail to find AtomicLongMapTest.

    Our workaround is to tell GWT that util.concurrent and all other packages

import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

/**
 * The {@code Immutable} annotation indicates that the object is immutable, i.e.
 * none of its field can be changed.  This also ensures that the type is
 * {@link ThreadSafe}.
 *
 * @see ThreadSafe
 * @since 4.0.0
 */
@Experimental
@Documented
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.CLASS)
@ThreadSafe

    for prod and one for tests. However, unlike our other packages, as of this
    writing it has test supersource but no prod supersource.

    GWT happens to use the prod .gwt.xml, so it looks for no supersource for
    tests, either. This causes it to fail to find AtomicLongMapTest.

    Our workaround is to tell GWT that util.concurrent and all other packages

终于，我们英雄的身份得到了保护！🥷

它还重新声明了 `id: int`。这样我们便与 API 客户端建立了一种**约定**，使他们始终可以期待 `id` 存在并且是一个整数 `int`（永远不会是 `None`）。

/// tip | 提示

确保返回模型始终提供一个值并且始终是 `int`（而不是 `None`）对 API 客户端非常有用，他们可以在这种确定性下编写更简单的代码。

此外，**自动生成的客户端**将拥有更简洁的接口，这样与你的 API 交互的开发者就能更轻松地使用你的 API。😎

///

`HeroPublic` 中的所有字段都与 `HeroBase` 中的相同，其中 `id` 声明为 `int`（不是 `None`）：

* `id`
* `name`
* `age`

    for prod and one for tests. However, unlike our other packages, as of this
    writing it has test supersource but no prod supersource.

    GWT happens to use the prod .gwt.xml, so it looks for no supersource for
    tests, either. This causes it to fail to find AtomicLongMapTest.

    Our workaround is to tell GWT that util.concurrent and all other packages

### Warning about replacing { #warning-about-replacing }

That means that if you want to update the item `bar` using `PUT` with a body containing:

```Python
{
    "name": "Barz",
    "price": 3,
    "description": None,
}
```

because it doesn't include the already stored attribute `"tax": 20.2`, the input model would take the default value of `"tax": 10.5`.

And the data would be saved with that "new" `tax` of `10.5`.

app = FastAPI()

oauth2_scheme = OAuth2AuthorizationCodeBearer(
    authorizationUrl="authorize", tokenUrl="token", auto_error=True
)


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(token: str | None = Security(oauth2_scheme)):
    return {"token": token}


client = TestClient(app)


def test_no_token():
    response = client.get("/items")
    assert response.status_code == 401, response.text

   * [WindowCounter] generally carries the client view of total and acked bytes.
   */
  fun receivingConnectionWindowChanged(windowCounter: WindowCounter)

  /** Noop implementation */
  object None : FlowControlListener {
    override fun receivingStreamWindowChanged(
      streamId: Int,
      windowCounter: WindowCounter,
      bufferSize: Long,
    ) {
    }

    for prod and one for tests. However, unlike our other packages, as of this
    writing it has test supersource but no prod supersource.

    GWT happens to use the prod .gwt.xml, so it looks for no supersource for
    tests, either. This causes it to fail to find AtomicLongMapTest.

    Our workaround is to tell GWT that util.concurrent and all other packages

    }

    @Override
    public CharMatcher negate() {
      return none();
    }
  }

  /** Implementation of {@link #none()}. */
  private static final class None extends NamedFastMatcher {

    static final CharMatcher INSTANCE = new None();

    private None() {
      super("CharMatcher.none()");
    }

    @Override
    public boolean matches(char c) {