# 关于 HTTPS

人们很容易认为 HTTPS 仅仅是“启用”或“未启用”的东西。

但实际情况比这复杂得多。

/// note | 提示

如果你很赶时间或不在乎，请继续阅读下一部分，下一部分会提供一个step-by-step的教程，告诉你怎么使用不同技术来把一切都配置好。

///

要从用户的视角**了解 HTTPS 的基础知识**，请查看 <a href="https://howhttps.works/" class="external-link" target="_blank">https://howhttps.works/</a>。

现在，从**开发人员的视角**，在了解 HTTPS 时需要记住以下几点：

* 要使用 HTTPS，**服务器**需要拥有由**第三方**生成的**"证书(certificate)"**。
     * 这些证书实际上是从第三方**获取**的，而不是“生成”的。
* 证书有**生命周期**。

  public Stopwatch start() {
    checkState(!isRunning, "This stopwatch is already running.");
    isRunning = true;
    startTick = ticker.read();
    return this;
  }

  /**
   * Stops the stopwatch. Future reads will return the fixed duration that had elapsed up to this
   * point.
   *
   * @return this {@code Stopwatch} instance
   * @throws IllegalStateException if the stopwatch is already stopped.

	}

	for i, testCase := range testCases {
		// Step 1: create a bucket
		err = z.MakeBucket(ctx, testCase.bucket, MakeBucketOptions{VersioningEnabled: testCase.versioned})
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("Test %d: Failed to create a bucket: %v", i+1, err)
		}

		// Step 2: Upload an object with a random content
		initialData := bytes.Repeat([]byte{'b'}, len(testCase.content))

    val e = InterruptedIOException("timeout")
    if (cause != null) e.initCause(cause)
    @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST") // E is either IOException or IOException?
    return e as E
  }

  /**
   * Stops applying the timeout before the call is entirely complete. This is used for WebSockets
   * and duplex calls where the timeout only applies to the initial setup.
   */
  fun timeoutEarlyExit() {
    check(!timeoutEarlyExit)

  // +optional
  repeated string resourceNames = 4;

  // NonResourceURLs is a set of partial urls that a user should have access to.  *s are allowed, but only as the full, final step in the path
  // Since non-resource URLs are not namespaced, this field is only applicable for ClusterRoles referenced from a ClusterRoleBinding.

  // +optional
  repeated string resourceNames = 4;

  // NonResourceURLs is a set of partial urls that a user should have access to.  *s are allowed, but only as the full, final step in the path
  // Since non-resource URLs are not namespaced, this field is only applicable for ClusterRoles referenced from a ClusterRoleBinding.

                                    // managed version's POM, *not* any other version's POM.
                                    // We retrieve the POM below in the retrieval step.
                                    manageArtifact(child, managedVersions, listeners);

                                    // Also, we need to ensure that any exclusions it presents are

    list.set(0, (byte) 4);
    assertThat(newArray).isEqualTo(new byte[] {(byte) 0, (byte) 1, (byte) 2});
    newArray[1] = (byte) 5;
    assertThat((byte) list.get(1)).isEqualTo((byte) 1);
  }

  // This test stems from a real bug found by andrewk
  public void testAsList_subList_toArray_roundTrip() {
    byte[] array = {(byte) 0, (byte) 1, (byte) 2, (byte) 3};
    List<Byte> list = Bytes.asList(array);

         * Only kill local Gradle processes (classpath in checkout directory).
         * Not clean up global Gradle processes (i.e. classpath in ~/.gradle/...).
         * Because the step is not guaranteed to run (e.g. build timeout), we need `KILL_LEAKED_PROCESSES_FROM_PREVIOUS_BUILDS` mode.
         */
        KILL_PROCESSES_STARTED_BY_GRADLE,
        /**

  // +optional
  repeated string resourceNames = 5;

  // NonResourceURLs is a set of partial urls that a user should have access to.  *s are allowed, but only as the full, final step in the path
  // Since non-resource URLs are not namespaced, this field is only applicable for ClusterRoles referenced from a ClusterRoleBinding.