{* ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial001.py hl[2] *}

### Edit it { #edit-it }

It's a very simple program.

But now imagine that you were writing it from scratch.

At some point you would have started the definition of the function, you had the parameters ready...

But then you have to call "that method that converts the first letter to upper case".

Was it `upper`? Was it `uppercase`? `first_uppercase`? `capitalize`?

### Using context managers in dependencies with `yield` { #using-context-managers-in-dependencies-with-yield }

/// warning

This is, more or less, an "advanced" idea.

If you are just starting with **FastAPI** you might want to skip it for now.

///

This practice is common enough that it has a name, these environment variables are commonly placed in a file `.env`, and the file is called a "dotenv".

/// tip

A file starting with a dot (`.`) is a hidden file in Unix-like systems, like Linux and macOS.

But a dotenv file doesn't really have to have that exact filename.

///

    /**
     * Generates a complete URL with context path and cache-busting timestamp.
     *
     * @param input the relative URL path starting with '/'
     * @return complete URL with context path and optional timestamp parameter
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if input is null or doesn't start with '/'
     */
    public static String url(final String input) {
        if (input == null) {

    /** Flag indicating if there is a next page */
    public boolean existNextPage;

    /** Flag indicating if there is a previous page */
    public boolean existPrevPage;

    /** Starting record number for current page */
    public String currentStartRecordNumber;

    /** Ending record number for current page */
    public String currentEndRecordNumber;

func isDirectiveReplace(value string) bool {
	return value == replaceDirective
}

// userMetadataKeyPrefixes contains the prefixes of used-defined metadata keys.
// All values stored with a key starting with one of the following prefixes
// must be extracted from the header.
var userMetadataKeyPrefixes = []string{
	"x-amz-meta-",
	"x-minio-meta-",
}

func (db *DB) Limit(limit int) (tx *DB) {
	tx = db.getInstance()
	tx.Statement.AddClause(clause.Limit{Limit: &limit})
	return
}

// Offset specify the number of records to skip before starting to return the records
//
// Offset conditions can be cancelled by using `Offset(-1)`.
//
//	// select the third user
//	db.Offset(2).First(&user)
//	// select the first user by cancelling an earlier chained offset

        assertEquals(2, paramMap.size());
        assertEquals("value1", paramMap.get("key1"));
        assertEquals("value2", paramMap.get("key2"));

        // Test with unknown keys (starting with =)
        value = "=value1\n=value2\nkey3=value3";
        paramMap = ParameterUtil.parse(value);
        assertEquals(3, paramMap.size());
        assertEquals("value1", paramMap.get("unknown.1"));

     * @param requestedTime The time the search was requested.
     * @param queryId The ID of the search query.
     * @param query The search query.
     * @param pageStart The starting page number.
     * @param pageSize The size of the page.
     * @param queryResponseList The list of query responses.
     */

         */
        protected boolean nextPage;
        /**
         * Indicates if there is a previous page of search results.
         */
        protected boolean prevPage;
        /**
         * The starting record number for the current page of search results.
         */
        protected long startRecordNumber;
        /**
         * The ending record number for the current page of search results.
         */